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210 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
210 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
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---
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category: tool
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tool: tmux
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contributors:
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- ["kaernyk", "http://github.com/kaernyk"]
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filename: LearnTmux.txt
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---
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<a href="http://tmux.sourceforge.net/">
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tmux</a> is a terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of terminals to be
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created, accessed, and controlled from a single screen. tmux may be detached
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from a screen and continue running in the background, then later reattached.
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```bash
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# We’ll start off with managing tmux from a terminal:
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tmux | tmux new # Create an unamed session
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-s "Session" # Create named session
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-n "Window" # Create named Window
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-c "/dir" # Start in target directory
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tmux attach # Attach last/available session
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-t "#" # Attach target session
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-d # Detach the session from other instances
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tmux ls # List open sessions
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kill-session # Kill current session
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-t "#" # Kill target session
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-a # Kill all sessions
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-a -t "#" # Kill all sessions but the target
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## Key Bindings
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# The method of controlling an attached tmux session is fairly simple, but
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# there are two keys we will see repeated throughout this write-up (as well as
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# the man pages).
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(C-b) == Ctrl + b
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# This combination is the default prefix key that is to be used in conjunction
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# with a keybind to produce the stated effect.
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# The default keybinds are as follows:
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C-b # Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the application.
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C-o # Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.
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C-z # Suspend the tmux client.
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? # List all key bindings.
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: # Enter the tmux command prompt.
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r # Force redraw of the attached client.
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c # Create a new window.
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$ # Rename the current session.
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, # Rename the current window.
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! # Break the current pane out of the window.
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% # Split the current pane into two, left and right.
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" # Split the current pane into two, top and bottom.
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n # Change to the next window.
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p # Change to the previous window.
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{ # Swap the current pane with the previous pane.
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} # Swap the current pane with the next pane.
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s # Select a new session for the attached client interactively.
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w # Choose the current window interactively.
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0 to 9 # Select windows 0 to 9.
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d # Detach the current client.
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D # Choose a client to detach.
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& # Kill the current window.
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x # Kill the current pane.
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Up, Down # Change to the pane above, below, left, or right.
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Left, Right
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M-1 to M-5 # Arrange panes:
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# 1) even-horizontal
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# 2) even-vertical
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# 3) main-horizontal
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# 4) main-vertical
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# 5) tiled.
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C-Up, C-Down # Resize the current pane in steps of one cell.
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C-Left, C-Right
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M-Up, M-Down # Resize the current pane in steps of five cells.
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M-Left, M-Right
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```
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### Configuring ~/.tmux.conf
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tmux.conf can be used to set options automatically on start up, much
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like how .vimrc or init.el are used.
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```bash
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# Example tmux.conf
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# 2014.9
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### Keybinds
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###########################################################################
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## Prefix Adjustment
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# Unbind C-b as the default prefix
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unbind-key C-b
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# Set ` as the default prefix
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set-option -g prefix `
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#set option -g prefix C-a
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# Return to previous window when prefix is pressed twice
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bind-key C-a last-window
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bind-key ` last-window
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bind-key a send-prefix
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# Allow swapping C-a and ` using F11/F12
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bind-key F11 set-option -g prefix C-a
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bind-key F12 set-option -g prefix `
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## Index Start
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set -g base-index 1
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## Window Cycle/Swap
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bind e previous-window
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bind f next-window
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bind E swap-window -t -1
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bind F swap-window -t +1
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### Theme
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###########################################################################
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## Statusbar Color Palatte
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#set-option -g status-justify centre
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set-option -g status-justify left
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set-option -g status-bg black
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set-option -g status-fg white
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set-option -g status-left-length 40
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set-option -g status-right-length 80
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## Pane Border Color Palette
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set-option -g pane-active-border-fg green
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set-option -g pane-active-border-bg black
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set-option -g pane-border-fg white
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set-option -g pane-border-bg black
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## Message Color Palette
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set-option -g message-fg black
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set-option -g message-bg green
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#setw -g mode-bg black
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## Window Status Color Palette
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setw -g window-status-bg black
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setw -g window-status-current-fg green
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setw -g window-status-bell-attr default
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setw -g window-status-bell-fg red
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setw -g window-status-content-attr default
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setw -g window-status-content-fg yellow
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setw -g window-status-activity-attr default
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setw -g window-status-activity-fg yellow
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### UI
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###########################################################################
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## Window Interface Adjustments
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set-option -g status-utf8 on
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setw -g mode-keys vi
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setw -g mode-mouse on
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setw -g monitor-activity on
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set-option -g mouse-select-pane on
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set-option -g status-keys vi
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set-option -g bell-action any
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set-option -g set-titles on
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set-option -g set-titles-string '#H:#S.#I.#P #W #T' # window number,program name,active (or not)
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set-option -g visual-bell off
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## Statusbar Adjustments
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set -g status-left ' #[fg=red]#H#[fg=green]:#[fg=white]#S #[fg=green]][#[default] '
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set -g status-interval 5
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#set -g status-right ' #[fg=green]][#[fg=white] #T #[fg=green]][ #[fg=blue]%Y-%m-%d #[fg=white]%H:%M#[default] '
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## Show performance counters in statusbar
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#set -g status-right ' #[fg=green]][#[fg=white] #(tmux-mem-cpu-load 5 4) #[fg=green]][ #[fg=yellow]%H:%M#[default] '
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### Misc
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###########################################################################
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set -g history-limit 4096
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bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf
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```
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### External Resources
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<a href="http://tmux.sourceforge.net/">Tmux | Home</a><br>
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<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi/OpenBSD-current/man1/tmux.1?query=tmux">Manual page</a><br>
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<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11558907/is-there-a-better-way-to-display-cpu-usage-in-tmux">Display CPU/MEM % in statusbar</a><br>
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<a href="http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Tmux">Archlinux Wiki</a><br>
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<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Tmux">Gentoo Wiki</a><br>
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