diff --git a/julia.html.markdown b/julia.html.markdown index 2e4e7c48..c92434ff 100644 --- a/julia.html.markdown +++ b/julia.html.markdown @@ -28,33 +28,33 @@ This is based on Julia 1.0.0 # Everything in Julia is an expression. # There are several basic types of numbers. -3 # => 3 (Int64) -3.2 # => 3.2 (Float64) -2 + 1im # => 2 + 1im (Complex{Int64}) -2 // 3 # => 2//3 (Rational{Int64}) +3 # => 3 (Int64) +3.2 # => 3.2 (Float64) +2 + 1im # => 2 + 1im (Complex{Int64}) +2 // 3 # => 2//3 (Rational{Int64}) # All of the normal infix operators are available. -1 + 1 # => 2 -8 - 1 # => 7 -10 * 2 # => 20 -35 / 5 # => 7.0 -5 / 2 # => 2.5 # dividing an Int by an Int always results in a Float -div(5, 2) # => 2 # for a truncated result, use div -5 \ 35 # => 7.0 -2^2 # => 4 # power, not bitwise xor -12 % 10 # => 2 +1 + 1 # => 2 +8 - 1 # => 7 +10 * 2 # => 20 +35 / 5 # => 7.0 +5 / 2 # => 2.5 # dividing an Int by an Int always results in a Float +div(5, 2) # => 2 # for a truncated result, use div +5 \ 35 # => 7.0 +2^2 # => 4 # power, not bitwise xor +12 % 10 # => 2 # Enforce precedence with parentheses -(1 + 3) * 2 # => 8 +(1 + 3) * 2 # => 8 # Bitwise Operators -~2 # => -3 # bitwise not -3 & 5 # => 1 # bitwise and -2 | 4 # => 6 # bitwise or -xor(2, 4) # => 6 # bitwise xor -2 >>> 1 # => 1 # logical shift right -2 >> 1 # => 1 # arithmetic shift right -2 << 1 # => 4 # logical/arithmetic shift left +~2 # => -3 # bitwise not +3 & 5 # => 1 # bitwise and +2 | 4 # => 6 # bitwise or +xor(2, 4) # => 6 # bitwise xor +2 >>> 1 # => 1 # logical shift right +2 >> 1 # => 1 # arithmetic shift right +2 << 1 # => 4 # logical/arithmetic shift left # You can use the bits function to see the binary representation of a number. bits(12345) @@ -67,19 +67,19 @@ true false # Boolean operators -!true # => false -!false # => true -1 == 1 # => true -2 == 1 # => false -1 != 1 # => false -2 != 1 # => true -1 < 10 # => true -1 > 10 # => false -2 <= 2 # => true -2 >= 2 # => true +!true # => false +!false # => true +1 == 1 # => true +2 == 1 # => false +1 != 1 # => false +2 != 1 # => true +1 < 10 # => true +1 > 10 # => false +2 <= 2 # => true +2 >= 2 # => true # Comparisons can be chained -1 < 2 < 3 # => true -2 < 3 < 2 # => false +1 < 2 < 3 # => true +2 < 3 < 2 # => false # Strings are created with " try @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ catch ; end # You can put any Julia expression inside the parentheses. # Another way to format strings is the printf macro. -@printf "%d is less than %f" 4.5 5.3 # 4 is less than 5.300000 +@printf "%d is less than %f" 4.5 5.3 # 4 is less than 5.300000 # Printing is easy println("I'm Julia. Nice to meet you!") @@ -123,22 +123,22 @@ println("I'm Julia. Nice to meet you!") #################################################### # You don't declare variables before assigning to them. -some_var = 5 # => 5 -some_var # => 5 +some_var = 5 # => 5 +some_var # => 5 # Accessing a previously unassigned variable is an error try - some_other_var # => ERROR: some_other_var not defined + some_other_var # => ERROR: some_other_var not defined catch e println(e) end # Variable names start with a letter or underscore. # After that, you can use letters, digits, underscores, and exclamation points. -SomeOtherVar123! = 6 # => 6 +SomeOtherVar123! = 6 # => 6 # You can also use certain unicode characters -☃ = 8 # => 8 +☃ = 8 # => 8 # These are especially handy for mathematical notation 2 * π # => 6.283185307179586 @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ pop!(b) # => 6 and b is now [4,5] # Let's put it back push!(b, 6) # b is now [4,5,6] again. -a[1] # => 1 # remember that Julia indexes from 1, not 0! +a[1] # => 1 # remember that Julia indexes from 1, not 0! # end is a shorthand for the last index. It can be used in any # indexing expression @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ length(a) # => 8 tup = (1, 2, 3) # => (1,2,3) # an (Int64,Int64,Int64) tuple. tup[1] # => 1 try: - tup[1] = 3 # => ERROR: no method setindex!((Int64,Int64,Int64),Int64,Int64) + tup[1] = 3 # => ERROR: no method setindex!((Int64,Int64,Int64),Int64,Int64) catch e println(e) end @@ -251,11 +251,11 @@ in(2, tup) # => true a, b, c = (1, 2, 3) # => (1,2,3) # a is now 1, b is now 2 and c is now 3 # Tuples are created even if you leave out the parentheses -d, e, f = 4, 5, 6 # => (4,5,6) +d, e, f = 4, 5, 6 # => (4,5,6) # A 1-element tuple is distinct from the value it contains -(1,) == 1 # => false -(1) == 1 # => true +(1,) == 1 # => false +(1) == 1 # => true # Look how easy it is to swap two values e, d = d, e # => (5,4) # d is now 5 and e is now 4 @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ end add(5, 6) # => 11 after printing out "x is 5 and y is 6" # Compact assignment of functions -f_add(x, y) = x + y # => "f (generic function with 1 method)" +f_add(x, y) = x + y # => "f (generic function with 1 method)" f_add(3, 4) # => 7 # Function can also return multiple values as tuple @@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ typeof(DataType) # => DataType # end type Tiger taillength::Float64 - coatcolor # not including a type annotation is the same as `::Any` + coatcolor # not including a type annotation is the same as `::Any` end # The default constructor's arguments are the properties @@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ sherekhan = typeof(tigger)(5.6, "fire") # => Tiger(5.6,"fire") # The other kind of types is abstract types. # abstract Name -abstract type Cat end # just a name and point in the type hierarchy +abstract type Cat end # just a name and point in the type hierarchy # Abstract types cannot be instantiated, but can have subtypes. # For example, Number is an abstract type @@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ supertype(String) # => AbstractString supertype(DirectIndexString) # => AbstractString # <: is the subtyping operator -type Lion <: Cat # Lion is a subtype of Cat +type Lion <: Cat # Lion is a subtype of Cat mane_color roar::AbstractString end @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ end Lion(roar::AbstractString) = Lion("green", roar) # This is an outer constructor because it's outside the type definition -type Panther <: Cat # Panther is also a subtype of Cat +type Panther <: Cat # Panther is also a subtype of Cat eye_color Panther() = new("green") # Panthers will only have this constructor, and no default constructor. @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ end # Definitions for Lion, Panther, Tiger function meow(animal::Lion) - animal.roar # access type properties using dot notation + animal.roar # access type properties using dot notation end function meow(animal::Panther) @@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ code_native(square_area, (Float64,)) # push RBP # mov RBP, RSP # Source line: 1 - # vmulsd XMM0, XMM0, XMM0 # Scalar double precision multiply (AVX) + # vmulsd XMM0, XMM0, XMM0 # Scalar double precision multiply (AVX) # pop RBP # ret #