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EDOUBLEDSPACE
My *fake* ocd kicked in
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ contributors:
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- ["Alexej Friesen", "https://github.com/heyalexej"]
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---
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Go was created out of the need to get work done. It's not the latest trend
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Go was created out of the need to get work done. It's not the latest trend
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in computer science, but it is the newest fastest way to solve real-world
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problems.
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Go comes with a great standard library and an enthusiastic community.
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```go
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// Single line comment
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/* Multi-
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line comment */
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line comment */
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// A package clause starts every source file.
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// Main is a special name declaring an executable rather than a library.
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@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ import (
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"strconv" // String conversions.
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)
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// A function definition. Main is special. It is the entry point for the
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// executable program. Love it or hate it, Go uses brace brackets.
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// A function definition. Main is special. It is the entry point for the
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// executable program. Love it or hate it, Go uses brace brackets.
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func main() {
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// Println outputs a line to stdout.
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// Qualify it with the package name, fmt.
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@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func learnTypes() {
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s2 := `A "raw" string literal
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can include line breaks.` // Same string type.
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// Non-ASCII literal. Go source is UTF-8.
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// Non-ASCII literal. Go source is UTF-8.
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g := 'Σ' // rune type, an alias for int32, holds a unicode code point.
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f := 3.14195 // float64, an IEEE-754 64-bit floating point number.
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@ -94,9 +94,9 @@ can include line breaks.` // Same string type.
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var a4 [4]int // An array of 4 ints, initialized to all 0.
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a3 := [...]int{3, 1, 5} // An array of 3 ints, initialized as shown.
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// Slices have dynamic size. Arrays and slices each have advantages
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// Slices have dynamic size. Arrays and slices each have advantages
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// but use cases for slices are much more common.
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s3 := []int{4, 5, 9} // Compare to a3. No ellipsis here.
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s3 := []int{4, 5, 9} // Compare to a3. No ellipsis here.
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s4 := make([]int, 4) // Allocates slice of 4 ints, initialized to all 0.
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var d2 [][]float64 // Declaration only, nothing allocated here.
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bs := []byte("a slice") // Type conversion syntax.
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@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ can include line breaks.` // Same string type.
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fmt.Println(s) // Updated slice is now [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
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p, q := learnMemory() // Declares p, q to be type pointer to int.
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fmt.Println(*p, *q) // * follows a pointer. This prints two ints.
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fmt.Println(*p, *q) // * follows a pointer. This prints two ints.
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// Maps are a dynamically growable associative array type, like the
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// hash or dictionary types of some other languages.
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@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ func learnNamedReturns(x, y int) (z int) {
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return // z is implicit here, because we named it earlier.
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}
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// Go is fully garbage collected. It has pointers but no pointer arithmetic.
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// Go is fully garbage collected. It has pointers but no pointer arithmetic.
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// You can make a mistake with a nil pointer, but not by incrementing a pointer.
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func learnMemory() (p, q *int) {
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// Named return values p and q have type pointer to int.
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@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func learnFlowControl() {
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func(a, b int) int {
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return (a + b) * 2
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}(10, 2)) // Called with args 10 and 2
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// => Add + double two numbers: 24
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// => Add + double two numbers: 24
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// When you need it, you'll love it.
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goto love
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@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ type pair struct {
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x, y int
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}
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// Define a method on type pair. Pair now implements Stringer.
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// Define a method on type pair. Pair now implements Stringer.
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func (p pair) String() string { // p is called the "receiver"
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// Sprintf is another public function in package fmt.
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// Dot syntax references fields of p.
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@ -275,13 +275,13 @@ func (p pair) String() string { // p is called the "receiver"
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}
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func learnInterfaces() {
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// Brace syntax is a "struct literal." It evaluates to an initialized
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// struct. The := syntax declares and initializes p to this struct.
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// Brace syntax is a "struct literal". It evaluates to an initialized
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// struct. The := syntax declares and initializes p to this struct.
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p := pair{3, 4}
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fmt.Println(p.String()) // Call String method of p, of type pair.
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var i Stringer // Declare i of interface type Stringer.
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i = p // Valid because pair implements Stringer
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// Call String method of i, of type Stringer. Output same as above.
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// Call String method of i, of type Stringer. Output same as above.
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fmt.Println(i.String())
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// Functions in the fmt package call the String method to ask an object
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@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ func learnErrorHandling() {
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// prints 'strconv.ParseInt: parsing "non-int": invalid syntax'
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fmt.Println(err)
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}
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// We'll revisit interfaces a little later. Meanwhile,
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// We'll revisit interfaces a little later. Meanwhile,
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learnConcurrency()
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}
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@ -330,12 +330,12 @@ func inc(i int, c chan int) {
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// We'll use inc to increment some numbers concurrently.
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func learnConcurrency() {
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// Same make function used earlier to make a slice. Make allocates and
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// Same make function used earlier to make a slice. Make allocates and
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// initializes slices, maps, and channels.
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c := make(chan int)
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// Start three concurrent goroutines. Numbers will be incremented
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// Start three concurrent goroutines. Numbers will be incremented
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// concurrently, perhaps in parallel if the machine is capable and
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// properly configured. All three send to the same channel.
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// properly configured. All three send to the same channel.
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go inc(0, c) // go is a statement that starts a new goroutine.
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go inc(10, c)
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go inc(-805, c)
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@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ func learnConcurrency() {
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go func() { c <- 84 }() // Start a new goroutine just to send a value.
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go func() { cs <- "wordy" }() // Again, for cs this time.
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// Select has syntax like a switch statement but each case involves
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// a channel operation. It selects a case at random out of the cases
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// a channel operation. It selects a case at random out of the cases
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// that are ready to communicate.
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select {
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case i := <-c: // The value received can be assigned to a variable,
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@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ func learnConcurrency() {
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case <-ccs: // Empty channel, not ready for communication.
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fmt.Println("didn't happen.")
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}
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// At this point a value was taken from either c or cs. One of the two
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// At this point a value was taken from either c or cs. One of the two
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// goroutines started above has completed, the other will remain blocked.
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learnWebProgramming() // Go does it. You want to do it too.
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@ -397,15 +397,15 @@ func requestServer() {
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The root of all things Go is the [official Go web site](http://golang.org/).
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There you can follow the tutorial, play interactively, and read lots.
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The language definition itself is highly recommended. It's easy to read
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The language definition itself is highly recommended. It's easy to read
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and amazingly short (as language definitions go these days.)
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You can play around with the code on [Go playground](https://play.golang.org/p/tnWMjr16Mm). Try to change it and run it from your browser! Note that you can use [https://play.golang.org](https://play.golang.org) as a [REPL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-eval-print_loop) to test things and code in your browser, without even installing Go.
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On the reading list for students of Go is the [source code to the standard
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library](http://golang.org/src/pkg/). Comprehensively documented, it
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library](http://golang.org/src/pkg/). Comprehensively documented, it
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demonstrates the best of readable and understandable Go, Go style, and Go
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idioms. Or you can click on a function name in [the
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idioms. Or you can click on a function name in [the
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documentation](http://golang.org/pkg/) and the source code comes up!
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Another great resource to learn Go is [Go by example](https://gobyexample.com/).
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