diff --git a/zh-tw/perl-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/perl-tw.html.markdown
index 04b58d63..0286a75d 100644
--- a/zh-tw/perl-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/perl-tw.html.markdown
@@ -94,37 +94,34 @@ my @colors = values %fruit_color;
# 關於純量、陣列、雜湊,在 perldata 文件之中,有更完整的描述。
# (perldoc perldata)
-#### References
+#### 參照
-# More complex data types can be constructed using references, which
-# allow you to build arrays and hashes within arrays and hashes.
+# 以參照能組出結構更為複雜的資料型別。像是在陣列中放入雜湊、在雜湊裡放入陣列的雜湊。
my $array_ref = \@array;
my $hash_ref = \%hash;
my @array_of_arrays = (\@array1, \@array2, \@array3);
-# You can also create anonymous arrays or hashes, returning a reference:
+# 匿名陣列與匿名雜湊也是參照
my $fruits = ["apple", "banana"];
my $colors = {apple => "red", banana => "yellow"};
-# References can be dereferenced by prefixing the appropriate sigil.
+# 在參照之前補上適當的印記,是為解參照。
my @fruits_array = @$fruits;
my %colors_hash = %$colors;
-# As a shortcut, the arrow operator can be used to dereference and
-# access a single value.
+# 以箭頭算符,便可在解參照同時存取其中一值。
my $first = $array_ref->[0];
my $value = $hash_ref->{banana};
-# See perlreftut and perlref for more in-depth documentation on
-# references.
+# 欲深入了解參照,詳見 perlreftut 與 perlref 兩份文件
-#### Conditional and looping constructs
+#### 條件結構與迴圈結構
-# Perl has most of the usual conditional and looping constructs.
+# Perl 語言中亦具備常見的條件結講與迴圈結構。
if ($var) {
...
@@ -137,9 +134,9 @@ if ($var) {
unless (condition) {
...
}
-# This is provided as a more readable version of "if (!condition)"
+# 這算是可讀性較好的 "if (!condition)"
-# the Perlish post-condition way
+# 倒裝句型算是某「很 Perl 的」寫法
print "Yow!" if $zippy;
print "We have no bananas" unless $bananas;
@@ -149,7 +146,7 @@ while (condition) {
}
my $max = 5;
-# for loops and iteration
+# 以 for 迴圈,$i 為迭代變數
for my $i (0 .. $max) {
print "index is $i";
}
@@ -160,68 +157,63 @@ for my $element (@elements) {
map {print} @elements;
-# implicitly
-
+# 迭代變數為 $_
for (@elements) {
print;
}
-# iterating through a hash (for and foreach are equivalent)
+# 對雜湊進行迭代(for 與 foreach 完全相同)
foreach my $key (keys %hash) {
print $key, ': ', $hash{$key}, "\n";
}
-# the Perlish post-condition way again
+# 又是「很 Perl 的」倒裝句法
print for @elements;
-# iterating through the keys and values of a referenced hash
+# 對一雜湊參照之中迭代,逐一走過其鍵與值
print $hash_ref->{$_} for keys %$hash_ref;
-#### Regular expressions
+#### 正規表示式
-# Perl's regular expression support is both broad and deep, and is the
-# subject of lengthy documentation in perlrequick, perlretut, and
-# elsewhere. However, in short:
+# Perl 中,對正規表示式的支援既廣亦深,在 perlrequick、perlretut 等各處文件中
+# 都有更加完整的文件。不過,簡而言之:
-# Simple matching
-if (/foo/) { ... } # true if $_ contains "foo"
-if ($x =~ /foo/) { ... } # true if $x contains "foo"
+# 簡易比對
+if (/foo/) { ... } # 若 $_ 內含 "foo" 則為真
+if ($x =~ /foo/) { ... } # 若 $x 內含 "foo" 則為真
-# Simple substitution
+# 簡易取代
+$x =~ s/foo/bar/; # 將 $x 中第一個出現的 foo 換為 bar
+$x =~ s/foo/bar/g; # 將 $x 中所有出現的 foo 換為 bar
-$x =~ s/foo/bar/; # replaces foo with bar in $x
-$x =~ s/foo/bar/g; # replaces ALL INSTANCES of foo with bar in $x
+#### 檔案與輸出入
+# 以 "open" 函式開檔後,便可自檔案輸入或對其輸出
-#### Files and I/O
-
-# You can open a file for input or output using the "open()" function.
-
-# For reading:
+# 讀檔:
open(my $in, "<", "input.txt") or die "Can't open input.txt: $!";
-# For writing (clears file if it exists):
+
+# 寫檔(若檔案已經存在,舊內容會被清空):
open(my $out, ">", "output.txt") or die "Can't open output.txt: $!";
-# For writing (appends to end of file):
+
+# 寫檔(若檔案已經存在,會寫到檔尾去):
open(my $log, ">>", "my.log") or die "Can't open my.log: $!";
-# You can read from an open filehandle using the "<>" operator. In
-# scalar context it reads a single line from the filehandle, and in list
-# context it reads the whole file in, assigning each line to an element
-# of the list:
+# 使用 "<>" 算符,能對檔案代號進行讀取。在純量語境下,會自檔案代號讀一列內容。
+# 而在串列語境下,對讀入整個檔案。每一列都會成為串列中一項元素。
my $line = <$in>;
my @lines = <$in>;
-# You can write to an open filehandle using the standard "print"
-# function.
+# 以 "print" 函式,則可對檔案代號進行輸出。
print $out @lines;
print $log $msg, "\n";
-#### Writing subroutines
+#### 函式之撰寫
-# Writing subroutines is easy:
+# 撰寫函式很是容易:
sub logger {
my $logmessage = shift;
@@ -231,16 +223,19 @@ sub logger {
print $logfile $logmessage;
}
-# Now we can use the subroutine just as any other built-in function:
+# 之後,使用起來就與內建函式無異:
logger("We have a logger subroutine!");
-#### Modules
+#### 模組
# A module is a set of Perl code, usually subroutines, which can be used
# in other Perl code. It is usually stored in a file with the extension
# .pm so that Perl can find it.
+# 所謂模組,就是一組 Perl 程式碼,由一些函式組成,並可讓其他 Perl 程式碼來利用。
+# 為了讓 perl 能找至,通常模組之副標名為 .pm 。
+
package MyModule;
use strict;
use warnings;
@@ -254,24 +249,21 @@ sub trim {
1;
-# From elsewhere:
+# 自他處利用:
use MyModule;
MyModule::trim($string);
-# The Exporter module can help with making subroutines exportable, so
-# they can be used like this:
+# Exporter 模組能將函式出口,好讓它們能被這樣利用:
use MyModule 'trim';
trim($string);
-# Many Perl modules can be downloaded from CPAN (http://www.cpan.org/)
-# and provide a range of features to help you avoid reinventing the
-# wheel. A number of popular modules like Exporter are included with
-# the Perl distribution itself. See perlmod for more details on modules
-# in Perl.
+# 有許多 Perl 模組能從 CPAN (https://www.cpan.org) 下載下來,各式各樣的機能讓你
+# 能免於重新發明輪子。不少高人氣模組,如 Exporter,則是與 Perl 一同釋出、散佈。
+# 更多關於 Perl 模組的細節,詳見 perlmod 文件。
-#### Objects
+#### 物件
# Objects in Perl are just references that know which class (package)
# they belong to, so that methods (subroutines) called on it can be
@@ -279,6 +271,11 @@ trim($string);
# to set this up. However, you never need to call it yourself if you use
# a module like Moose or Moo (see below).
+# Perl 中的物件,只是個參照,但同時又知道自己屬於哪個類別(package),於是對自身
+# 調用方法(函式)時方知去何處尋找函式本體。在建構子(通常是 "new")中,都是以
+# "bless" 函式來標記參照與其類別。只不過,若你使用像 Moose 或 Moo 模組的話,這些
+# 都不必自己來(總之請繼續往下讀)。
+
package MyCounter;
use strict;
use warnings;
@@ -301,21 +298,18 @@ sub increment {
1;
-# Methods can be called on a class or object instance with the arrow
-# operator.
-
+# 以箭頭運算符,便可對某類別或某物件呼叫某方法:
use MyCounter;
my $counter = MyCounter->new;
print $counter->count, "\n"; # 0
$counter->increment;
print $counter->count, "\n"; # 1
-# The modules Moose and Moo from CPAN can help you set up your object
-# classes. They provide a constructor and simple syntax for declaring
-# attributes. This class can be used equivalently to the one above.
+# CPAN 上的 Moose 與 Moo 模組能助你撰寫類別本體。它們提供了建構子,與簡單易懂的
+# 語法能來宣告屬性。前述的類別改寫之後,如下:
package MyCounter;
-use Moo; # imports strict and warnings
+use Moo; # 同時也啟用 strict 與 warnings
has 'count' => (is => 'rwp', default => 0, init_arg => undef);
@@ -326,17 +320,18 @@ sub increment {
1;
-# Object-oriented programming is covered more thoroughly in perlootut,
-# and its low-level implementation in Perl is covered in perlobj.
+# 物件導向程式設計於 perlootut 文件中有詳盡的說明,同時,perlobj 文件中更函蓋了
+# 底層實做之細節。
```
-#### FAQ
+#### 常見問答集
-perlfaq contains questions and answers related to many common tasks, and often provides suggestions for good CPAN modules to use.
+perlfaq 文件內含了許多問與答,都是關於常遇到的問題與工作,也對其提供一些建議與好
+用的 CPAN 模組。
-#### Further Reading
+#### 延伸閱讀
- [perl-tutorial](http://perl-tutorial.org/)
- - [Learn at www.perl.com](http://www.perl.org/learn.html)
+ - [Learn Perl](https://www.perl.org/learn.html)
- [perldoc](http://perldoc.perl.org/)
- - and perl built-in : `perldoc perlintro`
+ - 內建函式 : `perldoc perlintro`