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[PowerShell/en] IO, Interesting Projects, Not Covered, Exception Handling, UseFull stuff, max line 80.

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Laoujin 2015-11-27 03:49:34 +01:00
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@ -6,10 +6,14 @@ contributors:
filename: LearnPowershell.ps1
---
PowerShell is the Windows scripting language and configuration management framework from Microsoft built on the .NET Framework. Windows 7 and up ship with PowerShell.
Nearly all examples below can be a part of a shell script or executed directly in the shell.
PowerShell is the Windows scripting language and configuration management
framework from Microsoft built on the .NET Framework. Windows 7 and up ship
with PowerShell.
Nearly all examples below can be a part of a shell script or executed directly
in the shell.
A key difference with Bash is that it is mostly objects that you manipulate rather than plain text.
A key difference with Bash is that it is mostly objects that you manipulate
rather than plain text.
[Read more here.](https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb978526.aspx)
@ -38,6 +42,10 @@ Get-Alias -Definition Get-Process
Get-Help ps | less # alias: help
ps | Get-Member # alias: gm
Show-Command Get-EventLog # Display GUI to fill in the parameters
Update-Help # Run as admin
```
The tutorial starts here:
@ -49,20 +57,21 @@ echo Hello world!
# echo is an alias for Write-Output (=cmdlet)
# Most cmdlets and functions follow the Verb-Noun naming convention
# Each command starts on a new line, or after semicolon:
# Each command starts on a new line, or after a semicolon:
echo 'This is the first line'; echo 'This is the second line'
# Declaring a variable looks like this:
$aString="Some string"
# Or like this:
$aNumber = 5
$aNumber = 5 -as [double]
$aList = 1,2,3,4,5
$aString = $aList -join '--' # yes, -split exists also
$aHashtable = @{name1='val1'; name2='val2'}
# Using variables:
echo $aString
echo "Interpolation: $aString"
echo "`$aString has length of $($aString.length)"
echo "`$aString has length of $($aString.Length)"
echo '$aString'
echo @"
This is a Here-String
@ -84,15 +93,14 @@ echo "Full path of current script directory: $PSScriptRoot"
echo 'Full path of current script: ' + $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path
echo "FUll path of current directory: $Pwd"
echo "Bound arguments in a function, script or code block: $PSBoundParameters"
echo "Unbound arguments: $($Args -join ', ')." ######################## MOVE THIS TO FUNCTIONS
echo "Unbound arguments: $($Args -join ', ')."
# More builtins: `help about_Automatic_Variables`
# Reading a value from input:
$Name = Read-Host "What's your name?"
echo "Hello, $Name!"
[int]$Age = Read-Host "What's your age?"
# Inline another file (dot operator)
. .\otherScriptName.ps1
# Control Flow
### Control Flow
# We have the usual if structure:
if ($Age -is [string]) {
echo 'But.. $Age cannot be a string!'
@ -127,7 +135,14 @@ foreach ($var in 'val1','val2','val3') { echo $var }
# do {} while ()
# do {} until ()
# Exception handling
try {} catch {} finally {}
try {} catch [System.NullReferenceException] {
echo $_.Exception | Format-List -Force
}
### Providers
# List files and directories in the current directory
ls # or `dir`
cd ~ # goto home
@ -140,6 +155,8 @@ cd HKCU: # go to the HKEY_CURRENT_USER registry hive
# Get all providers in your session
Get-PSProvider
### Pipeline
# Cmdlets have parameters that control their execution:
Get-ChildItem -Filter *.txt -Name # Get just the name of all txt files
# Only need to type as much of a parameter name until it is no longer ambiguous
@ -171,10 +188,96 @@ Get-EventLog Application -After (Get-Date).AddHours(-2) | Format-List
# Get-Process as a table with three columns
# The third column is the value of the VM property in MB and 2 decimal places
# Computed columns can be written more succinctly as: `@{n='lbl';e={$_}`
ps | Format-Table ID,Name,@{name='VM(MB)';expression={'{0:n2}' -f ($_.VM / 1MB)}} -autoSize
# Computed columns can be written more verbose as:
# `@{name='lbl';expression={$_}`
ps | Format-Table ID,Name,@{n='VM(MB)';e={'{0:n2}' -f ($_.VM / 1MB)}} -autoSize
### Functions
# The [string] attribute is optional.
function foo([string]$name) {
echo "Hey $name, have a function"
}
# Calling your function
foo "Say my name"
# Functions with named parameters, parameter attributes, parsable documention
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Setup a new website
.DESCRIPTION
Creates everything your new website needs for much win
.PARAMETER siteName
The name for the new website
.EXAMPLE
New-Website -Name FancySite -Po 5000
New-Website SiteWithDefaultPort
New-Website siteName 2000 # ERROR! Port argument could not be validated
('name1','name2') | New-Website -Verbose
#>
function New-Website() {
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$true, Mandatory=$true)]
[Alias('name')]
[string]$siteName,
[ValidateSet(3000,5000,8000)]
[int]$port = 3000
)
BEGIN { Write-Verbose 'Creating new website(s)' }
PROCESS { echo "name: $siteName, port: $port" }
END { Write-Verbose 'Website(s) created' }
}
### It's all .NET
# A PS string is in fact a .NET System.String
# All .NET methods and properties are thus available
'string'.ToUpper().Replace('G', 'ggg')
# Or more powershellish
'string'.ToUpper() -replace 'G', 'ggg'
# Unsure how that .NET method is called again?
'string' | gm
# Syntax for calling static .NET methods
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.VisualBasic')
# Note that .NET functions MUST be called with parentheses
# while PS functions CANNOT be called with parentheses
$writer = New-Object System.IO.StreamWriter($path, $true)
$writer.Write([Environment]::NewLine)
$write.Dispose()
### IO
# Reading a value from input:
$Name = Read-Host "What's your name?"
echo "Hello, $Name!"
[int]$Age = Read-Host "What's your age?"
# Test-Path, Split-Path, Join-Path, Resolve-Path
# Get-Content filename # returns a string[]
# Set-Content, Add-Content, Clear-Content
Get-Command ConvertTo-*,ConvertFrom-*
### Useful stuff
# Refresh your PATH
$env:PATH = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "Machine") +
";" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "User")
# Find Python in path
$env:PATH.Split(";") | Where-Object { $_ -like "*python*"}
# Change working directory without having to remember previous path
Push-Location c:\temp # change working directory to c:\temp
Pop-Location # change back to previous working directory
# Unblock a directory after download
Get-ChildItem -Recurse | Unblock-File
# Open Windows Explorer in working directory
ii .
```
@ -188,3 +291,14 @@ if (-not (Test-Path $Profile)) {
}
# More info: `help about_profiles`
```
Interesting Projects
* [Channel9](https://channel9.msdn.com/Search?term=powershell%20pipeline#ch9Search&lang-en=en) PowerShell videos
* [PSake](https://github.com/psake/psake) Build automation tool
* [Pester](https://github.com/pester/Pester) BDD Testing Framework
Not covered
* WMI: Windows Management Intrumentation (Get-CimInstance)
* Multitasking: Start-Job -scriptBlock {...},
* Code Signing
* Remoting (Enter-PSSession/Exit-PSSession; Invoke-Command)