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Merge pull request #4512 from kaymmm/master

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[vim/en] add additional fold commands and visual regex; reformat
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Marcel Ribeiro Dantas 2022-10-10 10:10:26 +02:00 committed by GitHub
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@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ category: tool
tool: vim
contributors:
- ["RadhikaG", "https://github.com/RadhikaG"]
- ["kaymmm", "https://github.com/kaymmm"]
filename: LearnVim.txt
---
@ -19,70 +20,71 @@ specific points in the file, and for fast editing.
## Basics of navigating Vim
```
vim <filename> # Open <filename> in vim
:help <topic> # Open up built-in help docs about <topic> if any exists
:q # Quit vim
:w # Save current file
:wq # Save file and quit vim
ZZ # Save file and quit vim
:q! # Quit vim without saving file
# ! *forces* :q to execute, hence quiting vim without saving
ZQ # Quit vim without saving file
:x # Save file and quit vim, shorter version of :wq
vim <filename> # Open <filename> in vim
:help <topic> # Open up built-in help docs about <topic> if any exists
:q # Quit vim
:w # Save current file
:wq # Save file and quit vim
ZZ # Save file and quit vim
:q! # Quit vim without saving file
# ! *forces* :q to execute, hence quiting vim without saving
ZQ # Quit vim without saving file
:x # Save file and quit vim, shorter version of :wq
u # Undo
CTRL+R # Redo
u # Undo
CTRL+R # Redo
h # Move left one character
j # Move down one line
k # Move up one line
l # Move right one character
h # Move left one character
j # Move down one line
k # Move up one line
l # Move right one character
Ctrl+B # Move back one full screen
Ctrl+F # Move forward one full screen
Ctrl+D # Move forward 1/2 a screen
Ctrl+U # Move back 1/2 a screen
Ctrl+B # Move back one full screen
Ctrl+F # Move forward one full screen
Ctrl+D # Move forward 1/2 a screen
Ctrl+U # Move back 1/2 a screen
# Moving within the line
0 # Move to beginning of line
$ # Move to end of line
^ # Move to first non-blank character in line
0 # Move to beginning of line
$ # Move to end of line
^ # Move to first non-blank character in line
# Searching in the text
/word # Highlights all occurrences of word after cursor
?word # Highlights all occurrences of word before cursor
n # Moves cursor to next occurrence of word after search
N # Moves cursor to previous occurrence of word
/word # Highlights all occurrences of word after cursor
?word # Highlights all occurrences of word before cursor
n # Moves cursor to next occurrence of word after search
N # Moves cursor to previous occurrence of word
:%s/foo/bar/g # Change 'foo' to 'bar' on every line in the file
:s/foo/bar/g # Change 'foo' to 'bar' on the current line
:%s/\n/\r/g # Replace new line characters with new line characters
:%s/foo/bar/g # Change 'foo' to 'bar' on every line in the file
:s/foo/bar/g # Change 'foo' to 'bar' on the current line
:%s/\n/\r/g # Replace new line characters with new line characters
:'<,'>s/foo/bar/g # Change 'foo' to 'bar on every line in the current visual selection
# Jumping to characters
f<character> # Jump forward and land on <character>
t<character> # Jump forward and land right before <character>
f<character> # Jump forward and land on <character>
t<character> # Jump forward and land right before <character>
# For example,
f< # Jump forward and land on <
t< # Jump forward and land right before <
f< # Jump forward and land on <
t< # Jump forward and land right before <
# Moving by word
w # Move forward by one word
b # Move back by one word
e # Move to end of current word
w # Move forward by one word
b # Move back by one word
e # Move to end of current word
# Other characters for moving around
gg # Go to the top of the file
G # Go to the bottom of the file
:NUM # Go to line number NUM (NUM is any number)
H # Move to the top of the screen
M # Move to the middle of the screen
L # Move to the bottom of the screen
gg # Go to the top of the file
G # Go to the bottom of the file
:NUM # Go to line number NUM (NUM is any number)
H # Move to the top of the screen
M # Move to the middle of the screen
L # Move to the bottom of the screen
```
## Help docs:
@ -104,28 +106,28 @@ Vim is based on the concept on **modes**.
- Ex Mode - used to drop down to the bottom with the ':' prompt to enter commands
```
i # Puts vim into insert mode, before the cursor position
a # Puts vim into insert mode, after the cursor position
v # Puts vim into visual mode
: # Puts vim into ex mode
<esc> # 'Escapes' from whichever mode you're in, into Command mode
i # Puts vim into insert mode, before the cursor position
a # Puts vim into insert mode, after the cursor position
v # Puts vim into visual mode
: # Puts vim into ex mode
<esc> # 'Escapes' from whichever mode you're in, into Command mode
# Copying and pasting text
# Operations use the vim register by default
# Think of it as vim's private clipboard
# Operations use the vim register by default
# Think of it as vim's private clipboard
# Yank ~ copy text into vim register
y # Yank whatever is selected
yy # Yank the current line
# Yank ~ copy text into vim register
y # Yank whatever is selected
yy # Yank the current line
# Delete ~ yank text and delete from file
d # Delete whatever is selected
dd # Delete the current line
# Delete ~ yank text and delete from file
d # Delete whatever is selected
dd # Delete the current line
p # Paste text in vim register after the current cursor position
P # Paste text in vim register before the current cursor position
p # Paste text in vim register after the current cursor position
P # Paste text in vim register before the current cursor position
x # Delete character under current cursor position
x # Delete character under current cursor position
```
## The 'Grammar' of vim
@ -142,64 +144,75 @@ A few important examples of 'Verbs', 'Modifiers', and 'Nouns':
```
# 'Verbs'
d # Delete
c # Change
y # Yank (copy)
v # Visually select
d # Delete
c # Change
y # Yank (copy)
v # Visually select
# 'Modifiers'
i # Inside
a # Around
NUM # Number (NUM is any number)
f # Searches for something and lands on it
t # Searches for something and stops before it
/ # Finds a string from cursor onwards
? # Finds a string before cursor
i # Inside
a # Around
NUM # Number (NUM is any number)
f # Searches for something and lands on it
t # Searches for something and stops before it
/ # Finds a string from cursor onwards
? # Finds a string before cursor
# 'Nouns'
w # Word
s # Sentence
p # Paragraph
b # Block
w # Word
s # Sentence
p # Paragraph
b # Block
# Sample 'sentences' or commands
d2w # Delete 2 words
cis # Change inside sentence
yip # Yank inside paragraph (copy the para you're in)
ct< # Change to open bracket
# Change the text from where you are to the next open bracket
d$ # Delete till end of line
d2w # Delete 2 words
cis # Change inside sentence
yip # Yank inside paragraph (copy the para you're in)
ct< # Change to open bracket
# Change the text from where you are to the next open bracket
d$ # Delete till end of line
```
## Some shortcuts and tricks
<!--TODO: Add more!-->
```
> # Indent selection by one block
< # Dedent selection by one block
:earlier 15m # Reverts the document back to how it was 15 minutes ago
:later 15m # Reverse above command
ddp # Swap position of consecutive lines, dd then p
. # Repeat previous action
:w !sudo tee % # Save the current file as root
:set syntax=c # Set syntax highlighting to 'c'
:sort # Sort all lines
:sort! # Sort all lines in reverse
:sort u # Sort all lines and remove duplicates
~ # Toggle letter case of selected text
u # Selected text to lower case
U # Selected text to upper case
J # Join the current line with the next line
> # Indent selection by one block
< # Dedent selection by one block
:earlier 15m # Reverts the document back to how it was 15 minutes ago
:later 15m # Reverse above command
ddp # Swap position of consecutive lines, dd then p
. # Repeat previous action
:w !sudo tee % # Save the current file as root
:set syntax=c # Set syntax highlighting to 'c'
:sort # Sort all lines
:sort! # Sort all lines in reverse
:sort u # Sort all lines and remove duplicates
~ # Toggle letter case of selected text
u # Selected text to lower case
U # Selected text to upper case
J # Join the current line with the next line
# Fold text
zf # Create fold from selected text
zo # Open current fold
zc # Close current fold
zR # Open all folds
zM # Close all folds
zf # Create fold from selected text
zd # Delete fold on the current line
zD # Recursively delete nested or visually selected folds
zE # Eliminate all folds in the window
zo # Open current fold
zO # Recursively open nested or visually selected folds
zc # Close current fold
zC # Recursively close nested or visually selected folds
zR # Open all folds
zM # Close all folds
za # Toggle open/close current fold
zA # Recursively toggle open/close nested fold
[z # Move to the start of the current fold
]z # Move to the end of the current fold
zj # Move to the start of the next fold
zk # Move to the end of the previous fold
```
## Macros
@ -210,9 +223,9 @@ you use, until you stop recording. On invoking a macro, it applies the exact
same sequence of actions and commands again on the text selection.
```
qa # Start recording a macro named 'a'
q # Stop recording
@a # Play back the macro
qa # Start recording a macro named 'a'
q # Stop recording
@a # Play back the macro
```
### Configuring ~/.vimrc