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ven 2015-11-08 22:04:44 +01:00
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commit 341066bb86

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@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
--- ---
name: perl6
category: language category: language
language: perl6 language: perl6
filename: learnperl6.pl filename: learnperl6.pl
contributors: contributors:
- ["Nami-Doc", "http://github.com/Nami-Doc"] - ["vendethiel", "http://github.com/vendethiel"]
--- ---
Perl 6 is a highly capable, feature-rich programming language made for at Perl 6 is a highly capable, feature-rich programming language made for at
@ -374,6 +373,8 @@ say @array[^10]; # you can pass arrays as subscripts and it'll return
say join(' ', @array[15..*]); #=> 15 16 17 18 19 say join(' ', @array[15..*]); #=> 15 16 17 18 19
# which is equivalent to: # which is equivalent to:
say join(' ', @array[-> $n { 15..$n }]); say join(' ', @array[-> $n { 15..$n }]);
# Note: if you try to do either of those with an infinite loop,
# you'll trigger an infinite loop (your program won't finish)
# You can use that in most places you'd expect, even assigning to an array # You can use that in most places you'd expect, even assigning to an array
my @numbers = ^20; my @numbers = ^20;
@ -763,8 +764,9 @@ try {
# and `enum`) are actually packages. (Packages are the lowest common denominator) # and `enum`) are actually packages. (Packages are the lowest common denominator)
# Packages are important - especially as Perl is well-known for CPAN, # Packages are important - especially as Perl is well-known for CPAN,
# the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network. # the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network.
# You usually don't use packages directly: you use `class Package::Name::Here;`, # You're not supposed to use the package keyword, usually:
# or if you only want to export variables/subs, you can use `module`: # you use `class Package::Name::Here;` to declare a class,
# or if you only want to export variables/subs, you can use `module`:
module Hello::World { # Bracketed form module Hello::World { # Bracketed form
# If `Hello` doesn't exist yet, it'll just be a "stub", # If `Hello` doesn't exist yet, it'll just be a "stub",
# that can be redeclared as something else later. # that can be redeclared as something else later.
@ -774,11 +776,6 @@ unit module Parse::Text; # file-scoped form
grammar Parse::Text::Grammar { # A grammar is a package, which you could `use` grammar Parse::Text::Grammar { # A grammar is a package, which you could `use`
} }
# NOTE for Perl 5 users: even though the `package` keyword exists,
# the braceless form is invalid (to catch a "perl5ism"). This will error out:
# package Foo; # because Perl 6 will think the entire file is Perl 5
# Just use `module` or the brace version of `package`.
# You can use a module (bring its declarations into scope) with `use` # You can use a module (bring its declarations into scope) with `use`
use JSON::Tiny; # if you installed Rakudo* or Panda, you'll have this module use JSON::Tiny; # if you installed Rakudo* or Panda, you'll have this module
say from-json('[1]').perl; #=> [1] say from-json('[1]').perl; #=> [1]
@ -870,8 +867,16 @@ LEAVE { say "Runs everytime you leave a block, even when an exception
PRE { say "Asserts a precondition at every block entry, PRE { say "Asserts a precondition at every block entry,
before ENTER (especially useful for loops)" } before ENTER (especially useful for loops)" }
# exemple:
for 0..2 {
PRE { $_ > 1 } # This is going to blow up with "Precondition failed"
}
POST { say "Asserts a postcondition at every block exit, POST { say "Asserts a postcondition at every block exit,
after LEAVE (especially useful for loops)" } after LEAVE (especially useful for loops)" }
for 0..2 {
POST { $_ < 2 } # This is going to blow up with "Postcondition failed"
}
## * Block/exceptions phasers ## * Block/exceptions phasers
sub { sub {
@ -1239,14 +1244,14 @@ so 'foo!' ~~ / <-[ a..z ] + [ f o ]> + /; # True (the + doesn't replace the left
# Group: you can group parts of your regexp with `[]`. # Group: you can group parts of your regexp with `[]`.
# These groups are *not* captured (like PCRE's `(?:)`). # These groups are *not* captured (like PCRE's `(?:)`).
so 'abc' ~~ / a [ b ] c /; # `True`. The grouping does pretty much nothing so 'abc' ~~ / a [ b ] c /; # `True`. The grouping does pretty much nothing
so 'fooABCABCbar' ~~ / foo [ A B C ] + bar /; so 'foo012012bar' ~~ / foo [ '01' <[0..9]> ] + bar /;
# The previous line returns `True`. # The previous line returns `True`.
# We match the "ABC" 1 or more time (the `+` was applied to the group). # We match the "012" 1 or more time (the `+` was applied to the group).
# But this does not go far enough, because we can't actually get back what # But this does not go far enough, because we can't actually get back what
# we matched. # we matched.
# Capture: We can actually *capture* the results of the regexp, using parentheses. # Capture: We can actually *capture* the results of the regexp, using parentheses.
so 'fooABCABCbar' ~~ / foo ( A B C ) + bar /; # `True`. (using `so` here, `$/` below) so 'fooABCABCbar' ~~ / foo ( 'A' <[A..Z]> 'C' ) + bar /; # `True`. (using `so` here, `$/` below)
# So, starting with the grouping explanations. # So, starting with the grouping explanations.
# As we said before, our `Match` object is available as `$/`: # As we said before, our `Match` object is available as `$/`: