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Delete MontiLang (#5149)
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Boris Verkhovskiy
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---
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language: MontiLang
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filename: montilang.ml
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contributors:
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- ["Leo Whitehead", "https://github.com/lduck11007"]
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---
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MontiLang is a Stack-Oriented concatenative imperative programming language. Its syntax
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is roughly based off of forth with similar style for doing arithmetic in [reverse polish notation.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation)
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A good way to start with MontiLang is to read the documentation and examples at [montilang.ml](http://montilang.ml),
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then download MontiLang or build from source code with the instructions provided.
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```
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/# Monti Reference sheet #/
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/#
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Comments are multiline
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Nested comments are not supported
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#/
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/# Whitespace is all arbitrary, indentation is optional #/
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/# All programming in Monti is done by manipulating the parameter stack
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arithmetic and stack operations in MontiLang are similar to FORTH
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)
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#/
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/# in Monti, everything is either a string or a number. Operations treat all numbers
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similarly to floats, but anything without a remainder is treated as type int #/
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/# numbers and strings are added to the stack from left to right #/
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/# Arithmetic works by manipulating data on the stack #/
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5 3 + PRINT . /# 8 #/
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/# 5 and 3 are pushed onto the stack
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'+' replaces top 2 items on stack with sum of top 2 items
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'PRINT' prints out the top item on the stack
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'.' pops the top item from the stack.
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#/
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6 7 * PRINT . /# 42 #/
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1360 23 - PRINT . /# 1337 #/
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12 12 / PRINT . /# 1 #/
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13 2 % PRINT . /# 1 #/
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37 NEG PRINT . /# -37 #/
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-12 ABS PRINT . /# 12 #/
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52 23 MAX PRINT . /# 52 #/
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52 23 MIN PRINT . /# 23 #/
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/# 'PSTACK' command prints the entire stack, 'CLEAR' clears the entire stack #/
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3 6 8 PSTACK CLEAR /# [3, 6, 8] #/
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/# Monti comes with some tools for stack manipulation #/
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2 DUP PSTACK CLEAR /# [2, 2] - Duplicate the top item on the stack#/
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2 6 SWAP PSTACK CLEAR /# [6, 2] - Swap top 2 items on stack #/
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1 2 3 ROT PSTACK CLEAR /# [2, 3, 1] - Rotate top 3 items on stack #/
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2 3 NIP PSTACK CLEAR /# [3] - delete second item from the top of the stack #/
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4 5 6 TRIM PSTACK CLEAR /# [5, 6] - Deletes first item on stack #/
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/# variables are assigned with the syntax 'VAR [name]'#/
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/# When assigned, the variable will take the value of the top item of the stack #/
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6 VAR six . /# assigns var 'six' to be equal to 6 #/
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3 6 + VAR a . /# assigns var 'a' to be equal to 9 #/
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/# the length of the stack can be calculated with the statement 'STKLEN' #/
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1 2 3 4 STKLEN PRINT CLEAR /# 4 #/
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/# strings are defined with | | #/
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|Hello World!| VAR world . /# sets variable 'world' equal to string 'Hello world! #/
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/# variables can be called by typing its name. when called, the value of the variable is pushed
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to the top of the stack #/
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world PRINT .
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/# with the OUT statement, the top item on the stack can be printed without a newline #/
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|world!| |Hello, | OUT SWAP PRINT CLEAR
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/# Data types can be converted between strings and integers with the commands 'TOINT' and 'TOSTR'#/
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|5| TOINT PSTACK . /# [5] #/
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45 TOSTR PSTACK . /# ['45'] #/
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/# User input is taken with INPUT and pushed to the stack. If the top item of the stack is a string,
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the string is used as an input prompt #/
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|What is your name? | INPUT NIP
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|Hello, | OUT SWAP PRINT CLEAR
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/# FOR loops have the syntax 'FOR [condition] [commands] ENDFOR' At the moment, [condition] can
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only have the value of an integer. Either by using an integer, or a variable call to an integer.
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[commands] will be interpreted the amount of time specified in [condition] #/
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/# E.G: this prints out 1 to 10 #/
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1 VAR a .
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FOR 10
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a PRINT 1 + VAR a
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ENDFOR
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/# the syntax for while loops are similar. A number is evaluated as true if it is larger than
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0. a string is true if its length > 0. Infinite loops can be used by using literals.
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#/
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10 var loop .
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WHILE loop
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loop print
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1 - var loop
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ENDWHILE
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/#
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this loop would count down from 10.
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IF statements are pretty much the same, but only are executed once.
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#/
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IF loop
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loop PRINT .
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ENDIF
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/# This would only print 'loop' if it is larger than 0 #/
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/# If you would want to use the top item on the stack as loop parameters, this can be done with the ':' character #/
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/# eg, if you wanted to print 'hello' 7 times, instead of using #/
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FOR 7
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|hello| PRINT .
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ENDFOR
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/# this could be used #/
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7
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FOR :
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|hello| PRINT .
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ENDFOR
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/# Equality and inequality statements use the top 2 items on the stack as parameters, and replace the top two items with the output #/
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/# If it is true, the top 2 items are replaced with '1'. If false, with '0'. #/
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7 3 > PRINT . /# 1 #/
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2 10 > PRINT . /# 0 #/
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5 9 <= PRINT . /# 1 #/
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5 5 == PRINT . /# 1 #/
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5 7 == PRINT . /# 0 #/
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3 8 != PRINT . /# 1 #/
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/# User defined commands have the syntax of 'DEF [name] [commands] ENDDEF'. #/
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/# eg, if you wanted to define a function with the name of 'printseven' to print '7' 10 times, this could be used #/
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DEF printseven
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FOR 10
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7 PRINT .
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ENDFOR
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ENDDEF
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/# to run the defined statement, simply type it and it will be run by the interpreter #/
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printseven
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/# Montilang supports AND, OR and NOT statements #/
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1 0 AND PRINT . /# 0 #/
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1 1 AND PRINT . /# 1 #/
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1 0 OR PRINT . /# 1 #/
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0 0 OR PRINT . /# 0 #/
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1 NOT PRINT . /# 0 #/
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0 NOT PRINT . /# 1 #/
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/# Preprocessor statements are made inbetween '&' characters #/
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/# currently, preprocessor statements can be used to make c++-style constants #/
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&DEFINE LOOPSTR 20&
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/# must have & on either side with no spaces, 'DEFINE' is case sensitive. #/
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/# All statements are scanned and replaced before the program is run, regardless of where the statements are placed #/
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FOR LOOPSTR 7 PRINT . ENDFOR /# Prints '7' 20 times. At run, 'LOOPSTR' in source code is replaced with '20' #/
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/# Multiple files can be used with the &INCLUDE <filename>& Command that operates similar to c++, where the file specified is tokenized,
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and the &INCLUDE statement is replaced with the file #/
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/# E.G, you can have a program be run through several files. If you had the file 'name.mt' with the following data:
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[name.mt]
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|Hello, | OUT . name PRINT .
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a program that asks for your name and then prints it out can be defined as such: #/
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|What is your name? | INPUT VAR name . &INCLUDE name.mt&
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/# ARRAYS: #/
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/# arrays are defined with the statement 'ARR'
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When called, everything currently in the stack is put into one
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array and all items on the stack are replaced with the new array. #/
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2 3 4 ARR PSTACK . /# [[2, 3, 4]] #/
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/# the statement 'LEN' adds the length of the last item on the stack to the stack.
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This can be used on arrays, as well as strings. #/
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3 4 5 ARR LEN PRINT . /# 3 #/
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/# values can be appended to an array with the statement 'APPEND' #/
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1 2 3 ARR 5 APPEND . PRINT . /# [1, 2, 3, 5] #/
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/# an array at the top of the stack can be wiped with the statement 'WIPE' #/
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3 4 5 ARR WIPE PRINT . /# [] #/
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/# The last item of an array can be removed with the statement 'DROP' #/
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3 4 5 ARR DROP PRINT . /# [3, 4]
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/# arrays, like other datatypes can be stored in variables #/
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5 6 7 ARR VAR list .
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list PRINT . /# [5, 6, 7] #/
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/# Values at specific indexes can be changed with the statement 'INSERT <index>' #/
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4 5 6 ARR
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97 INSERT 1 . PRINT /# 4, 97, 6 #/
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/# Values at specific indexes can be deleted with the statement 'DEL <index>' #/
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1 2 3 ARR
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DEL 1 PRINT . /# [1, 3] #/
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/# items at certain indexes of an array can be gotten with the statement 'GET <index>' #/
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1 2 3 ARR GET 2 PSTACK /# [[1, 2, 3], 3] #/
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```
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## Extra information
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- [MontiLang.ml](http://montilang.ml/)
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- [GitHub Page](https://github.com/lduck11007/MontiLang)
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