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- update examples, update comments
- add another Switch example - add more complex func example - fix playground error - add another casting example
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ contributors:
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filename: learnswift.swift
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---
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Swift is a programming language for iOS and OS X development created by Apple. Designed to coexist with Objective-C and to be more resilient against erroneous code, Swift was introduced in 2014 at Apple's developer conference WWDC. It is built with the LLVM compiler included in Xcode 6 beta.
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Swift is a programming language for iOS and OS X development created by Apple. Designed to coexist with Objective-C and to be more resilient against erroneous code, Swift was introduced in 2014 at Apple's developer conference WWDC. It is built with the LLVM compiler included in Xcode 6+.
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The official [Swift Programming Language](https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/swift-programming-language/id881256329) book from Apple is now available via iBooks.
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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import UIKit
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// Xcode supports landmarks to annotate your code and lists them in the jump bar
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// MARK: Section mark
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// TODO: Do something soon
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// FIXME Fix this code
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// FIXME: Fix this code
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println("Hello, world")
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@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ println("Build value: \(buildValue)") // Build value: 7
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/*
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Optionals are a Swift language feature that allows you to store a `Some` or
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`None` value.
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Because Swift requires every property to have a value, even nil must be
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Because Swift requires every property to have a value, even nil must be
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explicitly stored as an Optional value.
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Optional<T> is an enum.
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@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ var anyObjectVar: AnyObject = 7
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anyObjectVar = "Changed value to a string, not good practice, but possible."
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/*
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Comment here
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Comment here
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/*
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Nested comments are also supported
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*/
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@ -112,8 +113,9 @@ Comment here
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// Array
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var shoppingList = ["catfish", "water", "lemons"]
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shoppingList[1] = "bottle of water"
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let emptyArray = [String]() // immutable
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var emptyMutableArray = [String]() // mutable
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let emptyArray = [String]() // let == immutable
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let emptyArray2 = Array<String>() // same as above
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var emptyMutableArray = [String]() // var == mutable
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// Dictionary
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@ -122,8 +124,9 @@ var occupations = [
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"kaylee": "Mechanic"
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]
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occupations["Jayne"] = "Public Relations"
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let emptyDictionary = [String: Float]() // immutable
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var emptyMutableDictionary = [String: Float]() // mutable
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let emptyDictionary = [String: Float]() // let == immutable
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let emptyDictionary2 = Dictionary<String, Float>() // same as above
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var emptyMutableDictionary = [String: Float]() // var == mutable
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//
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@ -165,14 +168,16 @@ do {
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} while 1 == 2
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// Switch
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// Very powerful, think `if` statements with syntax candy
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// They support String, object instances, and primitives (Int, Double, etc)
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let vegetable = "red pepper"
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switch vegetable {
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case "celery":
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let vegetableComment = "Add some raisins and make ants on a log."
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case "cucumber", "watercress":
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let vegetableComment = "That would make a good tea sandwich."
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case let x where x.hasSuffix("pepper"):
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let vegetableComment = "Is it a spicy \(x)?"
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case let localScopeValue where localScopeValue.hasSuffix("pepper"):
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let vegetableComment = "Is it a spicy \(localScopeValue)?"
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default: // required (in order to cover all possible input)
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let vegetableComment = "Everything tastes good in soup."
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}
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@ -186,21 +191,28 @@ default: // required (in order to cover all possible input)
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// in functions and can be passed around
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// Function with Swift header docs (format as reStructedText)
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/**
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A greet operation
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A greet operation
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- A bullet in docs
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- Another bullet in the docs
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- A bullet in docs
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- Another bullet in the docs
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:param: name A name
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:param: day A day
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:returns: A string containing the name and day value.
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:param: name A name
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:param: day A day
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:returns: A string containing the name and day value.
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*/
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func greet(name: String, day: String) -> String {
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return "Hello \(name), today is \(day)."
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}
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greet("Bob", "Tuesday")
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// similar to above except for the function parameter behaviors
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func greet2(#requiredName: String, externalParamName localParamName: String) -> String {
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return "Hello \(requiredName), the day is \(localParamName)"
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}
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greet2(requiredName:"John", externalParamName: "Sunday")
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// Function that returns multiple items in a tuple
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func getGasPrices() -> (Double, Double, Double) {
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return (3.59, 3.69, 3.79)
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@ -281,7 +293,7 @@ print(numbers) // [3, 6, 18]
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// Structures and classes have very similar capabilites
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struct NamesTable {
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let names: [String]
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let names = [String]()
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// Custom subscript
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subscript(index: Int) -> String {
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@ -291,8 +303,8 @@ struct NamesTable {
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// Structures have an auto-generated (implicit) designated initializer
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let namesTable = NamesTable(names: ["Me", "Them"])
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//let name = namesTable[2]
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//println("Name is \(name)") // Name is Them
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let name = namesTable[1]
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println("Name is \(name)") // Name is Them
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//
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// MARK: Classes
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@ -341,7 +353,7 @@ internal class Rect: Shape {
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init(sideLength: Int) {
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self.sideLength = sideLength
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// always super.init last when init custom properties
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// always super.init last when init custom properties
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super.init()
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}
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@ -368,6 +380,9 @@ print(mySquare.getArea()) // 25
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mySquare.shrink()
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print(mySquare.sideLength) // 4
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// cast instance
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let aShape = mySquare as Shape
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// compare instances, not the same as == which compares objects (equal to)
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if mySquare === mySquare {
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println("Yep, it's mySquare")
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@ -393,6 +408,17 @@ enum Suit {
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}
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}
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// Enum values allow short hand syntax, no need to type the enum type
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// when the variable is explicitly declared
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var suitValue: Suit = .Hearts
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// Non-Integer enums require direct raw value assignments
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enum BookName: String {
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case John = "John"
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case Luke = "Luke"
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}
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println("Name: \(BookName.John.rawValue)")
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//
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// MARK: Protocols
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@ -490,5 +516,4 @@ println(mySquare.sideLength) // 4
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// change side length using custom !!! operator, increases size by 3
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!!!mySquare
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println(mySquare.sideLength) // 12
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```
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