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[latex/en] Correct typos & make minor improvements (#4287)

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* Correct various minor typos
* Changed from using `\ ` to `~` for non-breaking spaces in the middle of sentences
* The table's column labels had Last and First names (respectively) swapped, compared to the corresponding contents of the table
* Made language of sentence about LuaTeX and XeLaTeX clearer
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@ -95,8 +95,9 @@ to the source code.
Separate paragraphs by empty lines.
You need to add a backslash after abbreviations (if not followed by a comma), because otherwise the spacing after the dot is too large:
E.g., i.e., etc.\ are are such abbreviations.
You need to add a tilde after abbreviations (if not followed by a comma) for a
non-breaking space, because otherwise the spacing after the dot is too large:
E.g., i.e., etc.~are are such abbreviations.
\section{Lists}
Lists are one of the easiest things to create in \LaTeX! I need to go shopping
@ -140,8 +141,7 @@ about!
Operators are essential parts of a mathematical document:
trigonometric functions ($\sin$, $\cos$, $\tan$),
logarithms and exponentials ($\log$, $\exp$),
limits ($\lim$), etc.\
have pre-defined LaTeX commands.
limits ($\lim$), etc.~have pre-defined LaTeX commands.
Let's write an equation to see how it's done:
$\cos(2\theta) = \cos^{2}(\theta) - \sin^{2}(\theta)$
@ -200,24 +200,24 @@ We can also insert Tables in the same way as figures.
\begin{table}[H]
\caption{Caption for the Table.}
% the {} arguments below describe how each row of the table is drawn.
% The basic is simple: one letter for each column, to control alignment:
% The basics are simple: one letter for each column, to control alignment:
% basic options are: c, l, r and p for centered, left, right and paragraph
% optionnally, you can add a | for a vertical line
% optionally, you can add a | for a vertical line
% See https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables for more details
\begin{tabular}{c|cc} % here it means "centered | vertical line, centered centered"
Number & Last Name & First Name \\ % Column rows are separated by &
Number & First Name & Last Name \\ % Column rows are separated by &
\hline % a horizontal line
1 & Biggus & Dickus \\
2 & Monty & Python
\end{tabular}
% it will approximately be displayed like this
% Number | Last Name First Name
% Number | First Name Last Name
% -------|--------------------------- % because of \hline
% 1 | Biggus Dickus
% 2 | Monty Python
\end{table}
\section{Getting \LaTeX{} to not compile something (i.e.\ Source Code)}
\section{Getting \LaTeX{} to not compile something (i.e.~Source Code)}
Let's say we want to include some code into our \LaTeX{} document,
we would then need \LaTeX{} to not try and interpret that text and
instead just print it to the document. We do this with a verbatim
@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ environment.
By now you're probably wondering how to compile this fabulous document
and look at the glorious glory that is a \LaTeX{} pdf.
(yes, this document actually does compile).
(Yes, this document actually does compile).
Getting to the final document using \LaTeX{} consists of the following
steps:
@ -274,13 +274,13 @@ There exists two main types of links: visible URL \\
% You can not add extra-spaces or special symbols into shadowing text since it
% will cause mistakes during the compilation
This package also produces list of thumbnails in the output pdf document and
This package also produces list of thumbnails in the output PDF document and
active links in the table of contents.
\section{Writing in ASCII or other encodings}
By default, historically LaTeX accepts inputs which are pure ASCII (128),
not even extened ASCII, meaning without accents (à, è etc.) and non-Latin symbols.
but not extended ASCII, meaning without accents (à, è etc.) and non-Latin symbols.
It is easy to insert accents and basic Latin symbols, with backslash shortcuts
Like \,c, \'e, \`A, \ae and \oe etc. % for ç, é, À, etc
@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ The selected font has to support the glyphs used for your document, you have to
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\end{verbatim}
Not that there also exists LuaTeX and XeLaTeX that were designed to have builtin
support for UTF-8 and case ease your life if you don't write in a latin alphabet.
Since LuaTeX and XeLaTeX were designed with built-in support for UTF-8, making
life easier for writing in non-Latin alphabets.
\section{End}
@ -317,6 +317,6 @@ That's all for now!
## More on LaTeX
* The amazing LaTeX wikibook: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX)
* The amazing LaTeX Wikibook: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX)
* An actual tutorial: [http://www.latex-tutorial.com/](http://www.latex-tutorial.com/)
* A quick guide for learning LaTeX: [Learn LaTeX in 30 minutes](https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Learn_LaTeX_in_30_minutes)