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Merge pull request #759 from dmbaturin/master

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Strings/character section and minor fixes in the OCaml tutorial.
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Nami-Doc 2014-09-11 17:22:09 +02:00
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ features.
Along with StandardML and its dialects it belongs to ML language family.
Just like StandardML, there are both a compiler and an interpreter
for OCaml. The interpreter binary is normally called "ocaml" and
the compiler is "ocamlc.opt". There is also a bytecode compiler, "ocamlc",
the compiler is "ocamlopt". There is also a bytecode compiler, "ocamlc",
but there are few reasons to use it.
It is strongly and statically typed, but instead of using manually written
@ -59,11 +59,19 @@ written in curried form.
(* Expressions can be separated by a double semicolon symbol, ";;".
In many cases it's redundant, but in this tutorial we use it after
every expression for easy pasting into the interpreter shell. *)
every expression for easy pasting into the interpreter shell.
Unnecessary use of expression separators in source code files
is often considered to be a bad style. *)
(* Variable and function declarations use "let" keyword. *)
let x = 10 ;;
(* OCaml allows single quote characters in identifiers.
Single quote doesn't have a special meaning in this case, it's often used
in cases when in other languages one would use names like "foo_tmp". *)
let foo = 1 ;;
let foo' = foo * 2 ;;
(* Since OCaml compiler infers types automatically, you normally don't need to
specify argument types explicitly. However, you can do it if you want or need to. *)
let inc_int (x: int) = x + 1 ;;
@ -196,6 +204,39 @@ let my_array = [| 1; 2; 3 |] ;;
my_array.(0) ;;
(*** Strings and characters ***)
(* Use double quotes for string literals. *)
let my_str = "Hello world" ;;
(* Use single quotes for character literals. *)
let my_char = 'a' ;;
(* Single and double quotes are not interchangeable. *)
let bad_str = 'syntax error' ;; (* Syntax error. *)
(* This will give you a single character string, not a character. *)
let single_char_str = "w" ;;
(* Strings can be concatenated with the "^" operator. *)
let some_str = "hello" ^ "world" ;;
(* Strings are not arrays of characters.
You can't mix characters and strings in expressions.
You can convert a character to a string with "String.make 1 my_char".
There are more convenient functions for this purpose in additional
libraries such as Core.Std that may not be installed and/or loaded
by default. *)
let ocaml = (String.make 1 'O') ^ "Caml" ;;
(* There is a printf function. *)
Printf.printf "%d %s" 99 "bottles of beer" ;;
(* Unformatted read and write functions are there too. *)
print_string "hello world\n" ;;
print_endline "hello world" ;;
let line = read_line () ;;
(*** User-defined data types ***)