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Serban Constantin
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@ -8,122 +8,126 @@ translators:
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lang: ro-ro
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---
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XML is a markup language designed to store and transport data.
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XML este un limbaj de markup ce are ca scop stocarea si transportul de date.
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Unlike HTML, XML does not specify how to display or to format data, just carry it.
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Spre deosebire de HTML, XML nu specifica cum sa fie afisata sau formatata
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informatia, ci doar o transporta.
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* XML Syntax
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* Sintaxa XML
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```xml
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<!-- Comments in XML are like this -->
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<!-- Comentariile in XML arata asa -->
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<bookstore>
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<book category="COOKING">
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<title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
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<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
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<year>2005</year>
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<price>30.00</price>
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</book>
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<book category="CHILDREN">
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<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
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<author>J K. Rowling</author>
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<year>2005</year>
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<price>29.99</price>
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</book>
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<book category="WEB">
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<title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
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<author>Erik T. Ray</author>
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<year>2003</year>
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<price>39.95</price>
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</book>
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</bookstore>
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<librarie>
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<carte categorie="GATIT">
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<titlu limba="ro">Mancaruri italiene</titlu>
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<autor>Giada De Laurentiis</autor>
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<an>2005</an>
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<pret>30.00</pret>
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</carte>
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<carte categorie="COPII">
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<titlu limba="ro">Harry Potter</titlu>
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<autor>J K. Rowling</autor>
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<an>2005</an>
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<pret>29.99</pret>
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</carte>
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<carte categorie="WEB">
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<titlu limba="ro">Invata XML</titlu>
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<autor>Erik T. Ray</autor>
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<an>2003</an>
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<pret>39.95</pret>
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</carte>
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</librarie>
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<!-- Above is a typical XML file.
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It starts with a declaration, informing some metadata (optional).
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<!-- Deasupra este un fisier XML obisnuit.
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Incepe cu o declaratie ce adauga niste metadata (optional).
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XML uses a tree structure. Above, the root node is 'bookstore', which has
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three child nodes, all 'books'. Those nodes has more child nodes, and so on...
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Nodes are created using open/close tags, and childs are just nodes between
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the open and close tags.-->
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XML foloseste o structura arborescenta. Deasupra, nodul de baza este
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'librarie', care are trei noduri copil, toate 'carti'. Acele noduri au la
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randul lor noduri copii si asa mai departe...
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Nodurile sunt create folosind taguri deschise/inchise, iar copii sunt doar
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noduri intre tagurile de deschis si inchis.-->
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<!-- XML carries two kind of data:
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1 - Attributes -> That's metadata about a node.
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Usually, the XML parser uses this information to store the data properly.
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It is characterized by appearing in parenthesis within the opening tag
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2 - Elements -> That's pure data.
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That's what the parser will retrieve from the XML file.
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Elements appear between the open and close tags, without parenthesis. -->
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<!-- XML transporta doua tipuri de date:
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1 - Atribute -> Metadata despre un nod.
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In general, parserul XML foloseste aceasta informatie sa stocheze
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proprietatile datelor.
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Este caracterizat de aparitia in paranteze in cadrul tagului deschis
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2 - Elemente -> Date pure.
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Asta este ceea ce parserul va extrage din documentul XML.
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Elementele apar intre tagurile deschis si inchis, fara paranteze. -->
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<!-- Below, an element with two attributes -->
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<!-- Dedesubt, un element cu doua atribute -->
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<file type="gif" id="4293">computer.gif</file>
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```
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* Well-Formated Document x Validation
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* Document bine formatat x Validare
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A XML document is well-formated if it is syntactically correct.
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However, it is possible to inject more constraints in the document,
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using document definitions, such as DTD and XML Schema.
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Un document XML este bine formatat daca este corect sintactic.
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Cu toate astea este posibil sa injectam mai multe constrangeri in document
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folosind definitii precum DTD si XML Schema.
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A XML document which follows a document definition is called valid,
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regarding that document.
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Un document XML ce foloseste o definitie de document este numit valid in
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contextul documentului.
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With this tool, you can check the XML data outside the application logic.
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Cu acest tool poti verifica datele XML in afara codului aplicatiei.
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```xml
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<!-- Below, you can see an simplified version of bookstore document,
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with the addition of DTD definition.-->
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<!-- Dedesubt este o versiune simplificata a documentului librarie,
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cu aditia definitiei DTD.-->
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "Bookstore.dtd">
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<bookstore>
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<book category="COOKING">
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<title >Everyday Italian</title>
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<price>30.00</price>
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</book>
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</bookstore>
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<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "Librarie.dtd">
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<librarie>
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<carte categorie="GATIT">
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<titlu >Everyday Italian</titlu>
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<pret>30.00</pret>
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</carte>
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</librarie>
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<!-- This DTD could be something like:-->
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<!-- DTD-ul poate fi ceva similar cu:-->
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<!DOCTYPE note
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[
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<!ELEMENT bookstore (book+)>
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<!ELEMENT book (title,price)>
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<!ATTLIST book category CDATA "Literature">
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<!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT librarie (carte+)>
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<!ELEMENT carte (titlu,pret)>
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<!ATTLIST carte categorie CDATA "Literatura">
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<!ELEMENT titlu (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT pret (#PCDATA)>
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]>
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<!-- The DTD starts with a declaration.
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Following, the root node is declared, requiring 1 or more child nodes 'book'.
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Each 'book' should contain exactly one 'title' and 'price' and an attribute
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called 'category', with "Literature" as its default value.
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The 'title' and 'price' nodes contain a parsed character data.-->
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<!-- DTD-ul incepe cu o declaratie.
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Dupa, nodul de baza este declarat, cerand unul sau mai multe noduri copii
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de tipul 'carte'.
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Fiecare 'carte' trebuie sa contina exact un 'titlu' si 'pret' si un atribut
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numit 'categorie', cu "Literatura" ca valoare implicita.
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Nodurile 'titlu' si 'pret' contin parsed character data.-->
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<!-- The DTD could be declared inside the XML file itself.-->
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<!-- DTD-ul poate fi declara si in interiorul fisierului XML.-->
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE note
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[
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<!ELEMENT bookstore (book+)>
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<!ELEMENT book (title,price)>
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<!ATTLIST book category CDATA "Literature">
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<!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT librarie (carte+)>
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<!ELEMENT carte (titlu,pret)>
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<!ATTLIST carte categorie CDATA "Literatura">
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<!ELEMENT titlu (#PCDATA)>
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<!ELEMENT pret (#PCDATA)>
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]>
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<bookstore>
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<book category="COOKING">
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<title >Everyday Italian</title>
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<price>30.00</price>
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</book>
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</bookstore>
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<librarie>
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<carte categorie="GATIT">
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<titlu >Everyday Italian</titlu>
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<pret>30.00</pret>
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</carte>
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</librarie>
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```
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