diff --git a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
index 8e9ca79a..073c5e91 100644
--- a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ contributors:
- ["Andre Polykanine", "https://github.com/Oire"]
- ["evuez", "http://github.com/evuez"]
translators:
- - ["Michael Yeh", "https://github.com/hinet60613"]
+ - ["Michael Yeh", "https://hinet60613.github.io/"]
filename: learnpython.py
lang: zh-tw
---
@@ -255,137 +255,139 @@ li.index(7) # 7 不在串列中，造成 ValueError
len(li) # => 6
-# Tuples are like lists but are immutable.
+# 元組(Tuple，以下仍用原文)類似於串列，但是它是不可改變的
tup = (1, 2, 3)
tup[0] # => 1
-tup[0] = 3 # Raises a TypeError
+tup[0] = 3 # 產生TypeError
-# You can do all those list thingies on tuples too
+# 能對串列做的東西都可以對tuple做
len(tup) # => 3
tup + (4, 5, 6) # => (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
tup[:2] # => (1, 2)
2 in tup # => True
-# You can unpack tuples (or lists) into variables
-a, b, c = (1, 2, 3) # a is now 1, b is now 2 and c is now 3
-d, e, f = 4, 5, 6 # you can leave out the parentheses
-# Tuples are created by default if you leave out the parentheses
+# 你可以把tuple拆開並分別將值存入不同變數
+a, b, c = (1, 2, 3) # a 現在是 1, b 現在是 2, c 現在是 3
+d, e, f = 4, 5, 6 # 也可以不寫括號
+# 如果不加括號，預設會產生tuple
g = 4, 5, 6 # => (4, 5, 6)
-# Now look how easy it is to swap two values
+# 你看，交換兩個值很簡單吧
e, d = d, e # d is now 5 and e is now 4
-# Dictionaries store mappings
+# 字典(Dictionary)用來儲存映射關係
empty_dict = {}
-# Here is a prefilled dictionary
+# 你可以對字典做初始化
filled_dict = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
-# Look up values with []
+# 用 [] 取值
filled_dict["one"] # => 1
-# Get all keys as a list with "keys()"
+# 用 "keys()" 將所有的Key輸出到一個List中
filled_dict.keys() # => ["three", "two", "one"]
-# Note - Dictionary key ordering is not guaranteed.
-# Your results might not match this exactly.
+# 註: 字典裡key的排序是不固定的
+# 你的執行結果可能與上面不同
+# 譯註: 只能保證所有的key都有出現，但不保證順序
-# Get all values as a list with "values()"
+# 用 "valuess()" 將所有的Value輸出到一個List中
filled_dict.values() # => [3, 2, 1]
-# Note - Same as above regarding key ordering.
+# 註: 同上，不保證順序
-# Check for existence of keys in a dictionary with "in"
+# 用 "in" 來檢查指定的Key是否在字典中
"one" in filled_dict # => True
1 in filled_dict # => False
-# Looking up a non-existing key is a KeyError
+# 查詢不存在的Key會造成KeyError
filled_dict["four"] # KeyError
-# Use "get()" method to avoid the KeyError
+# 用 "get()" 來避免KeyError
+# 若指定的Key不存在的話會得到None
filled_dict.get("one") # => 1
filled_dict.get("four") # => None
-# The get method supports a default argument when the value is missing
+# "get()" 函式支援預設值，當找不到指定的值時，會回傳指定的預設值
filled_dict.get("one", 4) # => 1
filled_dict.get("four", 4) # => 4
-# note that filled_dict.get("four") is still => None
-# (get doesn't set the value in the dictionary)
+# 注意此時 filled_dict.get("four") 仍然為 None
+# (get()此時並沒有產生出任何的值)
-# set the value of a key with a syntax similar to lists
-filled_dict["four"] = 4 # now, filled_dict["four"] => 4
+# 像操作list一樣，對指定的Key賦值
+filled_dict["four"] = 4 # 此時 filled_dict["four"] => 4
-# "setdefault()" inserts into a dictionary only if the given key isn't present
-filled_dict.setdefault("five", 5) # filled_dict["five"] is set to 5
-filled_dict.setdefault("five", 6) # filled_dict["five"] is still 5
+# "setdefault()" 只在指定的Key不存在時才會將值插入dictionary
+filled_dict.setdefault("five", 5) # filled_dict["five"] 被指定為 5
+filled_dict.setdefault("five", 6) # filled_dict["five"] 仍保持 5
-# Sets store ... well sets (which are like lists but can contain no duplicates)
+# 集合(Set)被用來儲存...集合。
+# 跟串列(List)有點像，但集合內不會有重複的元素
empty_set = set()
-# Initialize a "set()" with a bunch of values
-some_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 4]) # some_set is now set([1, 2, 3, 4])
+# 初始化 "set()" 並給定一些值
+some_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 4]) # 現在 some_set 為 set([1, 2, 3, 4])，注意重複的元素只有一個會被存入
-# order is not guaranteed, even though it may sometimes look sorted
-another_set = set([4, 3, 2, 2, 1]) # another_set is now set([1, 2, 3, 4])
+# 一樣，不保證順序，就算真的有照順序排也只是你運氣好
+another_set = set([4, 3, 2, 2, 1]) # another_set 現在為 set([1, 2, 3, 4])
-# Since Python 2.7, {} can be used to declare a set
+# 從 Python 2.7 開始，可以使用大括號 {} 來宣告Set
filled_set = {1, 2, 2, 3, 4} # => {1, 2, 3, 4}
-# Add more items to a set
+# 加入更多元素進入Set
filled_set.add(5) # filled_set is now {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
-# Do set intersection with &
+# 用 & 來對兩個集合取交集
other_set = {3, 4, 5, 6}
filled_set & other_set # => {3, 4, 5}
-# Do set union with |
+# 用 | 來對兩個集合取聯集
filled_set | other_set # => {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
-# Do set difference with -
+# 用 - 來將第二個集合內有的元素移出第一個集合
{1, 2, 3, 4} - {2, 3, 5} # => {1, 4}
-# Do set symmetric difference with ^
+# 用 ^ 來對兩個集合取差集
{1, 2, 3, 4} ^ {2, 3, 5} # => {1, 4, 5}
-# Check if set on the left is a superset of set on the right
+# 檢查左邊是否為右邊的母集
{1, 2} >= {1, 2, 3} # => False
-# Check if set on the left is a subset of set on the right
+# 檢查左邊是否為右邊的子集
{1, 2} <= {1, 2, 3} # => True
-# Check for existence in a set with in
+# 用 in 來檢查某元素是否存在於集合內
2 in filled_set # => True
10 in filled_set # => False
####################################################
-## 3. Control Flow
+## 3. 控制流程
####################################################
-# Let's just make a variable
+# 首先，先宣告一個變數
some_var = 5
-# Here is an if statement. Indentation is significant in python!
-# prints "some_var is smaller than 10"
+# 這邊是 if 判斷式。注意，縮排對Python是很重要的。
+# 下面應該會印出 "some_var is smaller than 10"
if some_var > 10:
print "some_var is totally bigger than 10."
-elif some_var < 10: # This elif clause is optional.
+elif some_var < 10: # elif 可有可無
print "some_var is smaller than 10."
-else: # This is optional too.
+else: # else 也可有可無
print "some_var is indeed 10."
"""
-For loops iterate over lists
-prints:
+For 迴圈會遞迴整的List
+下面的程式碼會輸出:
dog is a mammal
cat is a mammal
mouse is a mammal
"""
for animal in ["dog", "cat", "mouse"]:
- # You can use {0} to interpolate formatted strings. (See above.)
+ # 你可以用{0}來組合0出格式化字串 (見上面.)
print "{0} is a mammal".format(animal)
"""
-"range(number)" returns a list of numbers
-from zero to the given number
-prints:
+"range(number)" 回傳一個包含從0到給定值的數字List，
+下面的程式碼會輸出:
0
1
2
@@ -395,9 +397,9 @@ for i in range(4):
print i
"""
-"range(lower, upper)" returns a list of numbers
-from the lower number to the upper number
-prints:
+"range(lower, upper)" 回傳一個包含從給定的下限
+到給定的上限的數字List
+下面的程式碼會輸出:
4
5
6
@@ -407,8 +409,8 @@ for i in range(4, 8):
print i
"""
-While loops go until a condition is no longer met.
-prints:
+While迴圈會執行到條件不成立為止
+下面的程式碼會輸出:
0
1
2
@@ -417,62 +419,62 @@ prints:
x = 0
while x < 4:
print x
- x += 1 # Shorthand for x = x + 1
+ x += 1 # x = x + 1 的簡寫
-# Handle exceptions with a try/except block
+# 用try/except處理例外
-# Works on Python 2.6 and up:
+# 適用Python 2.6及以上版本
try:
- # Use "raise" to raise an error
+ # 用 "raise" 來發起例外
raise IndexError("This is an index error")
except IndexError as e:
- pass # Pass is just a no-op. Usually you would do recovery here.
+ pass # 毫無反應，就只是個什麼都沒做的pass。通常這邊會讓你做對例外的處理
except (TypeError, NameError):
- pass # Multiple exceptions can be handled together, if required.
-else: # Optional clause to the try/except block. Must follow all except blocks
- print "All good!" # Runs only if the code in try raises no exceptions
-finally: # Execute under all circumstances
+ pass # 有需要的話，多種例外可以一起處理
+else: # else 可有可無，但必須寫在所有的except後
+ print "All good!" # 只有在try的時候沒有產生任何except才會被執行
+finally: # 不管什麼情況下一定會被執行
print "We can clean up resources here"
-# Instead of try/finally to cleanup resources you can use a with statement
+# 除了try/finally以外，你可以用 with 來簡單的處理清理動作
with open("myfile.txt") as f:
for line in f:
print line
####################################################
-## 4. Functions
+## 4. 函式
####################################################
-# Use "def" to create new functions
+# 用 "def" 來建立新函式
def add(x, y):
print "x is {0} and y is {1}".format(x, y)
- return x + y # Return values with a return statement
+ return x + y # 用 "return" 來回傳值
-# Calling functions with parameters
-add(5, 6) # => prints out "x is 5 and y is 6" and returns 11
+# 用參數來呼叫韓式
+add(5, 6) # => 輸出 "x is 5 and y is 6" 並回傳 11
-# Another way to call functions is with keyword arguments
-add(y=6, x=5) # Keyword arguments can arrive in any order.
+# 你也可以寫上參數名稱來呼叫函式
+add(y=6, x=5) # 這種狀況下，兩個參數的順序並不影響執行
-# You can define functions that take a variable number of
-# positional args, which will be interpreted as a tuple if you do not use the *
+# 你可以定義接受多個變數的函式，這些變數是按照順序排序的
+# 如果不加*的話會被解讀為tuple
def varargs(*args):
return args
varargs(1, 2, 3) # => (1, 2, 3)
-# You can define functions that take a variable number of
-# keyword args, as well, which will be interpreted as a dict if you do not use **
+# 你可以定義接受多個變數的函式，這些變數是按照keyword排序的
+# 如果不加**的話會被解讀為dictionary
def keyword_args(**kwargs):
return kwargs
-# Let's call it to see what happens
+# 呼叫看看會發生什麼事吧
keyword_args(big="foot", loch="ness") # => {"big": "foot", "loch": "ness"}
-# You can do both at once, if you like
+# 如果你想要，你也可以兩個同時用
def all_the_args(*args, **kwargs):
print args
print kwargs
@@ -482,39 +484,40 @@ all_the_args(1, 2, a=3, b=4) prints:
{"a": 3, "b": 4}
"""
-# When calling functions, you can do the opposite of args/kwargs!
-# Use * to expand positional args and use ** to expand keyword args.
+# 呼叫函式時，你可以做反向的操作
+# 用 * 將變數展開為順序排序的變數
+# 用 ** 將變數展開為Keyword排序的變數
args = (1, 2, 3, 4)
kwargs = {"a": 3, "b": 4}
-all_the_args(*args) # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
-all_the_args(**kwargs) # equivalent to foo(a=3, b=4)
-all_the_args(*args, **kwargs) # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
+all_the_args(*args) # 等同於 foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
+all_the_args(**kwargs) # 等同於 foo(a=3, b=4)
+all_the_args(*args, **kwargs) # 等同於 foo(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
-# you can pass args and kwargs along to other functions that take args/kwargs
-# by expanding them with * and ** respectively
+# 你可以把args跟kwargs傳到下一個函式內
+# 分別用 * 跟 ** 將它展開就可以了
def pass_all_the_args(*args, **kwargs):
all_the_args(*args, **kwargs)
print varargs(*args)
print keyword_args(**kwargs)
-# Function Scope
+# 函式範圍
x = 5
def set_x(num):
- # Local var x not the same as global variable x
+ # 區域變數 x 和全域變數 x 不是同一個東西
x = num # => 43
print x # => 43
def set_global_x(num):
global x
print x # => 5
- x = num # global var x is now set to 6
+ x = num # 全域變數 x 在set_global_x(6)被設定為 6
print x # => 6
set_x(43)
set_global_x(6)
-# Python has first class functions
+# Python有一級函式
def create_adder(x):
def adder(y):
return x + y
@@ -523,23 +526,23 @@ def create_adder(x):
add_10 = create_adder(10)
add_10(3) # => 13
-# There are also anonymous functions
+# 也有匿名函式
(lambda x: x > 2)(3) # => True
(lambda x, y: x ** 2 + y ** 2)(2, 1) # => 5
-# There are built-in higher order functions
+# 還有內建的高階函式
map(add_10, [1, 2, 3]) # => [11, 12, 13]
map(max, [1, 2, 3], [4, 2, 1]) # => [4, 2, 3]
filter(lambda x: x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) # => [6, 7]
-# We can use list comprehensions for nice maps and filters
+# 我們可以用List列表的方式對map和filter等高階函式做更有趣的應用
[add_10(i) for i in [1, 2, 3]] # => [11, 12, 13]
[x for x in [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] if x > 5] # => [6, 7]
####################################################
-## 5. Classes
+## 5. 類別
####################################################
# We subclass from object to get a class.