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@ -9,20 +9,11 @@ Swift is a programming language for iOS and OS X development created by Apple. D
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See also Apple's [getting started guide](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/referencelibrary/GettingStarted/LandingPage/index.html), which has a complete tutorial on Swift.
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# Overview
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- [Basics](#basics)
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- [Arrays and Dictionaries](#array)
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- [Control Flow](#control)
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- [Functions](#func)
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- [Closures](#closures)
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- [Classes](#classes)
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- [Enums](#enums)
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- [Other](#other)
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- [Links](#links)
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## <a name="basics"></a>Basics
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```js
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//
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// Basics
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//
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println("Hello, world")
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var myVariable = 42
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let myConstant = 3.1415926
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@ -31,11 +22,12 @@ let label = "some text " + String(myVariable) // Casting
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let piText = "Pi = \(myConstant)" // String interpolation
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var optionalString: String? = "optional" // Can be nil
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optionalString = nil
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```
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## <a name="array"></a>Arrays and Dictionaries
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```js
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//
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// Arrays and Dictionaries
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//
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// Array
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var shoppingList = ["catfish", "water", "lemons"]
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shoppingList[1] = "bottle of water"
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@ -48,11 +40,12 @@ var occupations = [
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]
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occupations["Jayne"] = "Public Relations"
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let emptyDictionary = Dictionary<String, Float>()
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```
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## <a name="control"></a>Control Flow
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```js
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//
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// Control Flow
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//
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// for loop (array)
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let myArray = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5]
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for value in myArray {
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@ -97,13 +90,15 @@ case let x where x.hasSuffix("pepper"):
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default: // required (in order to cover all possible input)
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let vegetableComment = "Everything tastes good in soup."
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}
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```
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## <a name="functions"></a>Functions
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Functions are a first-class type, meaning they can be nested in functions and can be passed around
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//
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// Functions
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//
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// Functions are a first-class type, meaning they can be nested
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// in functions and can be passed around
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```js
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// Function
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func greet(name: String, day: String) -> String {
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return "Hello \(name), today is \(day)."
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@ -127,13 +122,14 @@ func makeIncrementer() -> (Int -> Int) {
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}
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var increment = makeIncrementer()
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increment(7)
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```
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## <a name="closures"></a>Closures
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Functions are special case closures ({})
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//
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// Closures
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//
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// Functions are special case closures ({})
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```js
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// Closure example.
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// `->` separates the arguments and return type
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// `in` separates the closure header from the closure body
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@ -147,14 +143,16 @@ numbers.map({
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var numbers = [1, 2, 6]
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numbers = numbers.map({ number in 3 * number })
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print(numbers) // [3, 6, 18]
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```
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## <a name="classes"></a>Classes
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All methods and properties of a class are public. If you just need to store data
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in a structured object, you should use a `struct`
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//
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// Classes
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//
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// All methods and properties of a class are public.
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// If you just need to store data in a
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// structured object, you should use a `struct`
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```js
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// A simple class `Square` extends `Shape
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class Rect: Shape {
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var sideLength: Int = 1
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@ -189,15 +187,18 @@ print(mySquare.getArea()) // 25
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mySquare.shrink()
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print(mySquare.sideLength) // 4
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// If you don't need a custom getter and setter, but still want to run code
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// before an after getting or setting a property, you can use `willSet` and `didSet`
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```
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// If you don't need a custom getter and setter,
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// but still want to run code before an after getting or setting
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// a property, you can use `willSet` and `didSet`
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## <a name="enums"></a>Enums
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Enums can optionally be of a specific type or on their own. They can contain methods like classes.
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//
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// Enums
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//
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// Enums can optionally be of a specific type or on their own.
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// They can contain methods like classes.
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```js
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enum Suit {
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case Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs
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func getIcon() -> String {
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@ -209,16 +210,15 @@ enum Suit {
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}
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}
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}
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//
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// Other
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//
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// `protocol`: Similar to Java interfaces.
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// `extension`s: Add extra functionality to an already created type
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// Generics: Similar to Java. Use the `where` keyword to specify the
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// requirements of the generics.
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```
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## <a name="other"></a>Other
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- **`protocol`**: Similar to Java interfaces.
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- **`extension`s**: Add extra functionality to an already created type
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- **Generics**: Similar to Java. Use the `where` keyword to specify the requirements of the generics.
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## <a name="links"></a>Links
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- [Homepage](https://developer.apple.com/swift/)
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- [Guide](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/referencelibrary/GettingStarted/LandingPage/index.html)
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- [Book](https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/the-swift-programming-language/id881256329?mt=11)
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