From db632ee03ca837fcdc4ca45e428ad7efb9c8135f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Mario=20P=C3=A9rez?= Date: Sat, 31 Oct 2015 11:27:29 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/4] Create file for PHP translation es-ES --- es-es/php-es.html.markdown | 823 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 823 insertions(+) create mode 100644 es-es/php-es.html.markdown diff --git a/es-es/php-es.html.markdown b/es-es/php-es.html.markdown new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a8276e53 --- /dev/null +++ b/es-es/php-es.html.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,823 @@ +--- +language: PHP +contributors: + - ["Malcolm Fell", "http://emarref.net/"] + - ["Trismegiste", "https://github.com/Trismegiste"] +translators: + - ["Mario Pérez", "https://github.com/MarioPerezEsteso"] +lang: es-es +filename: learnphp-es.php +--- + +This document describes PHP 5+. + +```php + +Hello World Again! + 12 +$int2 = -12; // => -12 +$int3 = 012; // => 10 (a leading 0 denotes an octal number) +$int4 = 0x0F; // => 15 (a leading 0x denotes a hex literal) + +// Floats (aka doubles) +$float = 1.234; +$float = 1.2e3; +$float = 7E-10; + +// Delete variable +unset($int1); + +// Arithmetic +$sum = 1 + 1; // 2 +$difference = 2 - 1; // 1 +$product = 2 * 2; // 4 +$quotient = 2 / 1; // 2 + +// Shorthand arithmetic +$number = 0; +$number += 1; // Increment $number by 1 +echo $number++; // Prints 1 (increments after evaluation) +echo ++$number; // Prints 3 (increments before evaluation) +$number /= $float; // Divide and assign the quotient to $number + +// Strings should be enclosed in single quotes; +$sgl_quotes = '$String'; // => '$String' + +// Avoid using double quotes except to embed other variables +$dbl_quotes = "This is a $sgl_quotes."; // => 'This is a $String.' + +// Special characters are only escaped in double quotes +$escaped = "This contains a \t tab character."; +$unescaped = 'This just contains a slash and a t: \t'; + +// Enclose a variable in curly braces if needed +$money = "I have $${number} in the bank."; + +// Since PHP 5.3, nowdocs can be used for uninterpolated multi-liners +$nowdoc = <<<'END' +Multi line +string +END; + +// Heredocs will do string interpolation +$heredoc = << 1, 'Two' => 2, 'Three' => 3); + +// PHP 5.4 introduced a new syntax +$associative = ['One' => 1, 'Two' => 2, 'Three' => 3]; + +echo $associative['One']; // prints 1 + +// List literals implicitly assign integer keys +$array = ['One', 'Two', 'Three']; +echo $array[0]; // => "One" + +// Add an element to the end of an array +$array[] = 'Four'; +// or +array_push($array, 'Five'); + +// Remove element from array +unset($array[3]); + +/******************************** + * Output + */ + +echo('Hello World!'); +// Prints Hello World! to stdout. +// Stdout is the web page if running in a browser. + +print('Hello World!'); // The same as echo + +// echo and print are language constructs too, so you can drop the parentheses +echo 'Hello World!'; +print 'Hello World!'; + +$paragraph = 'paragraph'; + +echo 100; // Echo scalar variables directly +echo $paragraph; // or variables + +// If short open tags are configured, or your PHP version is +// 5.4.0 or greater, you can use the short echo syntax +?> +

+ 2 +echo $z; // => 2 +$y = 0; +echo $x; // => 2 +echo $z; // => 0 + +// Dumps type and value of variable to stdout +var_dump($z); // prints int(0) + +// Prints variable to stdout in human-readable format +print_r($array); // prints: Array ( [0] => One [1] => Two [2] => Three ) + +/******************************** + * Logic + */ +$a = 0; +$b = '0'; +$c = '1'; +$d = '1'; + +// assert throws a warning if its argument is not true + +// These comparisons will always be true, even if the types aren't the same. +assert($a == $b); // equality +assert($c != $a); // inequality +assert($c <> $a); // alternative inequality +assert($a < $c); +assert($c > $b); +assert($a <= $b); +assert($c >= $d); + +// The following will only be true if the values match and are the same type. +assert($c === $d); +assert($a !== $d); +assert(1 === '1'); +assert(1 !== '1'); + +// 'Spaceship' operator (since PHP 7) +// Returns 0 if values on either side are equal +// Returns 1 if value on the left is greater +// Returns -1 if the value on the right is greater + +$a = 100; +$b = 1000; + +echo $a <=> $a; // 0 since they are equal +echo $a <=> $b; // -1 since $a < $b +echo $b <=> $a; // 1 since $b > $a + +// Variables can be converted between types, depending on their usage. + +$integer = 1; +echo $integer + $integer; // => 2 + +$string = '1'; +echo $string + $string; // => 2 (strings are coerced to integers) + +$string = 'one'; +echo $string + $string; // => 0 +// Outputs 0 because the + operator cannot cast the string 'one' to a number + +// Type casting can be used to treat a variable as another type + +$boolean = (boolean) 1; // => true + +$zero = 0; +$boolean = (boolean) $zero; // => false + +// There are also dedicated functions for casting most types +$integer = 5; +$string = strval($integer); + +$var = null; // Null value + + +/******************************** + * Control Structures + */ + +if (true) { + print 'I get printed'; +} + +if (false) { + print 'I don\'t'; +} else { + print 'I get printed'; +} + +if (false) { + print 'Does not get printed'; +} elseif(true) { + print 'Does'; +} + +// ternary operator +print (false ? 'Does not get printed' : 'Does'); + +// ternary shortcut operator since PHP 5.3 +// equivalent of "$x ? $x : 'Does'"" +$x = false; +print($x ?: 'Does'); + +// null coalesce operator since php 7 +$a = null; +$b = 'Does print'; +echo $a ?? 'a is not set'; // prints 'a is not set' +echo $b ?? 'b is not set'; // prints 'Does print' + + +$x = 0; +if ($x === '0') { + print 'Does not print'; +} elseif($x == '1') { + print 'Does not print'; +} else { + print 'Does print'; +} + + + +// This alternative syntax is useful for templates: +?> + + +This is displayed if the test is truthy. + +This is displayed otherwise. + + + 2, 'car' => 4]; + +// Foreach loops can iterate over arrays +foreach ($wheels as $wheel_count) { + echo $wheel_count; +} // Prints "24" + +echo "\n"; + +// You can iterate over the keys as well as the values +foreach ($wheels as $vehicle => $wheel_count) { + echo "A $vehicle has $wheel_count wheels"; +} + +echo "\n"; + +$i = 0; +while ($i < 5) { + if ($i === 3) { + break; // Exit out of the while loop + } + echo $i++; +} // Prints "012" + +for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) { + if ($i === 3) { + continue; // Skip this iteration of the loop + } + echo $i; +} // Prints "0124" + + +/******************************** + * Functions + */ + +// Define a function with "function": +function my_function () { + return 'Hello'; +} + +echo my_function(); // => "Hello" + +// A valid function name starts with a letter or underscore, followed by any +// number of letters, numbers, or underscores. + +function add ($x, $y = 1) { // $y is optional and defaults to 1 + $result = $x + $y; + return $result; +} + +echo add(4); // => 5 +echo add(4, 2); // => 6 + +// $result is not accessible outside the function +// print $result; // Gives a warning. + +// Since PHP 5.3 you can declare anonymous functions; +$inc = function ($x) { + return $x + 1; +}; + +echo $inc(2); // => 3 + +function foo ($x, $y, $z) { + echo "$x - $y - $z"; +} + +// Functions can return functions +function bar ($x, $y) { + // Use 'use' to bring in outside variables + return function ($z) use ($x, $y) { + foo($x, $y, $z); + }; +} + +$bar = bar('A', 'B'); +$bar('C'); // Prints "A - B - C" + +// You can call named functions using strings +$function_name = 'add'; +echo $function_name(1, 2); // => 3 +// Useful for programatically determining which function to run. +// Or, use call_user_func(callable $callback [, $parameter [, ... ]]); + + +// You can get the all the parameters passed to a function +function parameters() { + $numargs = func_num_args(); + if ($numargs > 0) { + echo func_get_arg(0) . ' | '; + } + $args_array = func_get_args(); + foreach ($args_array as $key => $arg) { + echo $key . ' - ' . $arg . ' | '; + } +} + +parameters('Hello', 'World'); // Hello | 0 - Hello | 1 - World | + +// Since PHP 5.6 you can get a variable number of arguments +function variable($word, ...$list) { + echo $word . " || "; + foreach ($list as $item) { + echo $item . ' | '; + } +} + +variable("Separate", "Hello", "World") // Separate || Hello | World | + +/******************************** + * Includes + */ + +instanceProp = $instanceProp; + } + + // Methods are declared as functions inside a class + public function myMethod() + { + print 'MyClass'; + } + + //final keyword would make a function unoverridable + final function youCannotOverrideMe() + { + } + +/* + * Declaring class properties or methods as static makes them accessible without + * needing an instantiation of the class. A property declared as static can not + * be accessed with an instantiated class object (though a static method can). + */ + + public static function myStaticMethod() + { + print 'I am static'; + } +} + +// Class constants can always be accessed statically +echo MyClass::MY_CONST; // Outputs 'value'; + +echo MyClass::$staticVar; // Outputs 'static'; +MyClass::myStaticMethod(); // Outputs 'I am static'; + +// Instantiate classes using new +$my_class = new MyClass('An instance property'); +// The parentheses are optional if not passing in an argument. + +// Access class members using -> +echo $my_class->property; // => "public" +echo $my_class->instanceProp; // => "An instance property" +$my_class->myMethod(); // => "MyClass" + + +// Extend classes using "extends" +class MyOtherClass extends MyClass +{ + function printProtectedProperty() + { + echo $this->prot; + } + + // Override a method + function myMethod() + { + parent::myMethod(); + print ' > MyOtherClass'; + } +} + +$my_other_class = new MyOtherClass('Instance prop'); +$my_other_class->printProtectedProperty(); // => Prints "protected" +$my_other_class->myMethod(); // Prints "MyClass > MyOtherClass" + +final class YouCannotExtendMe +{ +} + +// You can use "magic methods" to create getters and setters +class MyMapClass +{ + private $property; + + public function __get($key) + { + return $this->$key; + } + + public function __set($key, $value) + { + $this->$key = $value; + } +} + +$x = new MyMapClass(); +echo $x->property; // Will use the __get() method +$x->property = 'Something'; // Will use the __set() method + +// Classes can be abstract (using the abstract keyword) or +// implement interfaces (using the implements keyword). +// An interface is declared with the interface keyword. + +interface InterfaceOne +{ + public function doSomething(); +} + +interface InterfaceTwo +{ + public function doSomethingElse(); +} + +// interfaces can be extended +interface InterfaceThree extends InterfaceTwo +{ + public function doAnotherContract(); +} + +abstract class MyAbstractClass implements InterfaceOne +{ + public $x = 'doSomething'; +} + +class MyConcreteClass extends MyAbstractClass implements InterfaceTwo +{ + public function doSomething() + { + echo $x; + } + + public function doSomethingElse() + { + echo 'doSomethingElse'; + } +} + + +// Classes can implement more than one interface +class SomeOtherClass implements InterfaceOne, InterfaceTwo +{ + public function doSomething() + { + echo 'doSomething'; + } + + public function doSomethingElse() + { + echo 'doSomethingElse'; + } +} + + +/******************************** + * Traits + */ + +// Traits are available from PHP 5.4.0 and are declared using "trait" + +trait MyTrait +{ + public function myTraitMethod() + { + print 'I have MyTrait'; + } +} + +class MyTraitfulClass +{ + use MyTrait; +} + +$cls = new MyTraitfulClass(); +$cls->myTraitMethod(); // Prints "I have MyTrait" + + +/******************************** + * Namespaces + */ + +// This section is separate, because a namespace declaration +// must be the first statement in a file. Let's pretend that is not the case + + Date: Sat, 31 Oct 2015 15:32:24 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Translate learn PHP to es-es --- es-es/php-es.html.markdown | 714 +++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 358 insertions(+), 356 deletions(-) diff --git a/es-es/php-es.html.markdown b/es-es/php-es.html.markdown index a8276e53..fa52353c 100644 --- a/es-es/php-es.html.markdown +++ b/es-es/php-es.html.markdown @@ -9,121 +9,121 @@ lang: es-es filename: learnphp-es.php --- -This document describes PHP 5+. +Este documento explica el funcionamiento de PHP 5+. ```php - -Hello World Again! +¡Hola Mundo de nuevo! 12 $int2 = -12; // => -12 -$int3 = 012; // => 10 (a leading 0 denotes an octal number) -$int4 = 0x0F; // => 15 (a leading 0x denotes a hex literal) +$int3 = 012; // => 10 (un 0 al comienzo declara un número octal) +$int4 = 0x0F; // => 15 (un 0x al comienzo declara un hexadecimal) -// Floats (aka doubles) +// Floats (también conocidos como doubles) $float = 1.234; $float = 1.2e3; $float = 7E-10; -// Delete variable +// Eliminar variable unset($int1); -// Arithmetic -$sum = 1 + 1; // 2 -$difference = 2 - 1; // 1 -$product = 2 * 2; // 4 -$quotient = 2 / 1; // 2 +// Operaciones aritméticas +$suma = 1 + 1; // 2 +$diferencia = 2 - 1; // 1 +$producto = 2 * 2; // 4 +$cociente = 2 / 1; // 2 -// Shorthand arithmetic -$number = 0; -$number += 1; // Increment $number by 1 -echo $number++; // Prints 1 (increments after evaluation) -echo ++$number; // Prints 3 (increments before evaluation) -$number /= $float; // Divide and assign the quotient to $number +// Operaciones aritméticas de escritura rápida +$numero = 0; +$numero += 1; // Incrementa $numero en 1 +echo $numero++; // Imprime 1 (incremento después la evaluación) +echo ++$numero; // Imprime 3 (incremento antes de la evaluación) +$numero /= $float; // Divide y asigna el cociente a $numero -// Strings should be enclosed in single quotes; +// Las cadenas de caracteres deben declararse entre comillas simples $sgl_quotes = '$String'; // => '$String' -// Avoid using double quotes except to embed other variables +// Evita utilizar comillas dobles excepto para embeber otras variables $dbl_quotes = "This is a $sgl_quotes."; // => 'This is a $String.' -// Special characters are only escaped in double quotes -$escaped = "This contains a \t tab character."; -$unescaped = 'This just contains a slash and a t: \t'; +// Los caracteres especiales solo son válidos entre comillas dobles +$escaped = "Esto contiene \t un caracter tabulador."; +$unescaped = 'Esto solo contiene una barra y una t: \t'; -// Enclose a variable in curly braces if needed -$money = "I have $${number} in the bank."; +// Rodea una variable entre corchetes si es necesario +$dinero = "Tengo $${numero} en el banco."; -// Since PHP 5.3, nowdocs can be used for uninterpolated multi-liners +// Desde PHP 5.3, los nowdocs pueden ser utilizados para multilíneas no interpoladas $nowdoc = <<<'END' Multi line string END; -// Heredocs will do string interpolation +// Heredocs interpola cadenas de caracteres $heredoc = << 1, 'Two' => 2, 'Three' => 3); +// Funciona con todas las versiones de php +$asociativo = array('Uno' => 1, 'Dos' => 2, 'Tres' => 3); -// PHP 5.4 introduced a new syntax -$associative = ['One' => 1, 'Two' => 2, 'Three' => 3]; +// PHP 5.4 introdujo una nueva sintaxis +$asociativo = ['Uno' => 1, 'Dos' => 2, 'Tres' => 3]; -echo $associative['One']; // prints 1 +echo $asociativo['Uno']; // imprime 1 -// List literals implicitly assign integer keys -$array = ['One', 'Two', 'Three']; -echo $array[0]; // => "One" +// Lista literales implícitamente asignados con claves enteras +$array = ['Uno', 'Dos', 'Tres']; +echo $array[0]; // => "Uno" -// Add an element to the end of an array -$array[] = 'Four'; -// or -array_push($array, 'Five'); +// Añadir un elemento al final de un array +$array[] = 'Cuatro'; +// o +array_push($array, 'Cinco'); -// Remove element from array +// Eliminar un elemento de un array unset($array[3]); /******************************** - * Output + * Salidas por pantalla */ -echo('Hello World!'); -// Prints Hello World! to stdout. -// Stdout is the web page if running in a browser. +echo('¡Hola Mundo!'); +// Imprime ¡Hola Mundo! en stdout. +// Stdout es la página web si se está ejecutando en un navegador. -print('Hello World!'); // The same as echo +print('!Hola Mundo!'); // Es lo mismo que echo -// echo and print are language constructs too, so you can drop the parentheses -echo 'Hello World!'; -print 'Hello World!'; +// No es necesario el paréntesis en echo y print +echo '¡Hola Mundo!'; +print '¡Hola Mundo!'; -$paragraph = 'paragraph'; +$parrafo = 'parrafo'; -echo 100; // Echo scalar variables directly -echo $paragraph; // or variables +echo 100; // Haz echo de escalares directamente +echo $parrafo; // o de variables -// If short open tags are configured, or your PHP version is -// 5.4.0 or greater, you can use the short echo syntax +// Si las etiquetas cortas estás configuradas y tu versión de PHP es +// la 5.4.0 o superior, puede utilizar la sintaxis abreviada de echo ?> -

+

2 echo $z; // => 2 @@ -194,179 +194,178 @@ $y = 0; echo $x; // => 2 echo $z; // => 0 -// Dumps type and value of variable to stdout -var_dump($z); // prints int(0) +// Dump muestra el tipo y valor de una variable en stdout +var_dump($z); // imprime int(0) -// Prints variable to stdout in human-readable format -print_r($array); // prints: Array ( [0] => One [1] => Two [2] => Three ) +// Para mostrar el valor de una variable en un formato legible para humanos +print_r($array); // imprime: Array ( [0] => Uno [1] => Dos [2] => Tres ) /******************************** - * Logic + * Lógica */ $a = 0; $b = '0'; $c = '1'; $d = '1'; -// assert throws a warning if its argument is not true +// assert lanza una advertencia si su argumento no es verdadero -// These comparisons will always be true, even if the types aren't the same. -assert($a == $b); // equality -assert($c != $a); // inequality -assert($c <> $a); // alternative inequality +// Estas comparaciones siempre serán verdaderas, incluso si los tipos no son los mismos. +assert($a == $b); // igualdad +assert($c != $a); // desigualdad +assert($c <> $a); // desigualdad alternativa assert($a < $c); assert($c > $b); assert($a <= $b); assert($c >= $d); -// The following will only be true if the values match and are the same type. +// Los siguiente solo será verdadero si los valores coinciden y son del mismo tipo. assert($c === $d); assert($a !== $d); assert(1 === '1'); assert(1 !== '1'); -// 'Spaceship' operator (since PHP 7) -// Returns 0 if values on either side are equal -// Returns 1 if value on the left is greater -// Returns -1 if the value on the right is greater +// Operador 'Spaceship' (desde PHP 7) +// Devuelve 0 si ambos valores son iguales +// Devuelve 1 si el valor de la izquierda es mayor +// Devuelve -1 si el valor de la derecha es mayor $a = 100; $b = 1000; -echo $a <=> $a; // 0 since they are equal -echo $a <=> $b; // -1 since $a < $b -echo $b <=> $a; // 1 since $b > $a +echo $a <=> $a; // 0 porque son iguales +echo $a <=> $b; // -1 porque $a < $b +echo $b <=> $a; // 1 porque $b > $a -// Variables can be converted between types, depending on their usage. +// Las variables pueden ser convertidas entre tipos, dependiendo de su uso. -$integer = 1; -echo $integer + $integer; // => 2 +$entero = 1; +echo $entero + $entero; // => 2 $string = '1'; -echo $string + $string; // => 2 (strings are coerced to integers) +echo $string + $string; // => 2 (los strings son convertidos a enteros) -$string = 'one'; +$string = 'uno'; echo $string + $string; // => 0 -// Outputs 0 because the + operator cannot cast the string 'one' to a number +// Muestra un 0 porque el operador + no puede convertir la cadena de caracteres 'uno' a un número -// Type casting can be used to treat a variable as another type +// La conversión de tipos puede ser utilizada para tratar a una variable como otro tipo $boolean = (boolean) 1; // => true -$zero = 0; -$boolean = (boolean) $zero; // => false +$cero = 0; +$boolean = (boolean) $cero; // => false -// There are also dedicated functions for casting most types -$integer = 5; -$string = strval($integer); +// También hay funciones dedicadas a la conversión de tipos +$entero = 5; +$string = strval($entero); -$var = null; // Null value +$var = null; // Valor nulo /******************************** - * Control Structures + * Estructuras de control */ if (true) { - print 'I get printed'; + print 'He sido imprimido'; } if (false) { - print 'I don\'t'; + print 'Yo no'; } else { - print 'I get printed'; + print 'He sido imprimido'; } if (false) { - print 'Does not get printed'; + print 'No se imprime'; } elseif(true) { - print 'Does'; + print 'Sí se imprime'; } -// ternary operator -print (false ? 'Does not get printed' : 'Does'); +// operador ternario +print (false ? 'No se imprime' : 'Sí se imprime'); -// ternary shortcut operator since PHP 5.3 -// equivalent of "$x ? $x : 'Does'"" +// atajo para el operador ternario desde PHP 5.3 +// equivalente de "$x ? $x : 'Sí'"" $x = false; -print($x ?: 'Does'); +print($x ?: 'Sí'); -// null coalesce operator since php 7 +// operador 'no definido' desde php 7 $a = null; -$b = 'Does print'; -echo $a ?? 'a is not set'; // prints 'a is not set' -echo $b ?? 'b is not set'; // prints 'Does print' +$b = 'Imprime'; +echo $a ?? 'a no está definido'; // imprime 'a no está definido' +echo $b ?? 'b no está definido'; // imprime 'Imprime' $x = 0; if ($x === '0') { - print 'Does not print'; + print 'No imprime'; } elseif($x == '1') { - print 'Does not print'; + print 'No imprime'; } else { - print 'Does print'; + print 'Imprime'; } -// This alternative syntax is useful for templates: +// Esta sintaxis alternativa se utiliza para plantillas: ?> -This is displayed if the test is truthy. +Esto se muestra si la evaluación es verdadera. -This is displayed otherwise. +En otro caso, se muestra esto. 2, 'car' => 4]; +$ruedas = ['bicicleta' => 2, 'coche' => 4]; -// Foreach loops can iterate over arrays -foreach ($wheels as $wheel_count) { - echo $wheel_count; -} // Prints "24" +// Los bucles foreach pueden iterar por arrays +foreach ($ruedas as $numero_ruedas) { + echo $numero_ruedas; +} // Imprime "24" echo "\n"; -// You can iterate over the keys as well as the values -foreach ($wheels as $vehicle => $wheel_count) { - echo "A $vehicle has $wheel_count wheels"; +// También se puede iterar sobre las claves, así como sobre los valores +foreach ($ruedas as $vehiculo => $numero_ruedas) { + echo "Un $vehiculo tiene $numero_ruedas ruedas"; } echo "\n"; @@ -374,45 +373,45 @@ echo "\n"; $i = 0; while ($i < 5) { if ($i === 3) { - break; // Exit out of the while loop + break; // Sale fuera del bucle while } echo $i++; -} // Prints "012" +} // Imprime "012" for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) { if ($i === 3) { - continue; // Skip this iteration of the loop + continue; // Se salta esta iteración del bucle } echo $i; -} // Prints "0124" +} // Imprime "0124" /******************************** - * Functions + * Funciones */ -// Define a function with "function": -function my_function () { - return 'Hello'; +// Define una función con "function": +function mi_funcion () { + return 'Hola'; } -echo my_function(); // => "Hello" +echo mi_funcion(); // => "Hola" -// A valid function name starts with a letter or underscore, followed by any -// number of letters, numbers, or underscores. +// Un nombre válido de función comienza con una letra o guión bajo, seguido de cualquier +// número de letras, números o guiones bajos. -function add ($x, $y = 1) { // $y is optional and defaults to 1 - $result = $x + $y; - return $result; +function anadir ($x, $y = 1) { // $y es opcional y por defecto es 1 + $resultado = $x + $y; + return $resultado; } -echo add(4); // => 5 -echo add(4, 2); // => 6 +echo anadir(4); // => 5 +echo anadir(4, 2); // => 6 -// $result is not accessible outside the function -// print $result; // Gives a warning. +// $resultado no es accesible fuera de la función +// print $resultado; // Devuelve una advertencia. -// Since PHP 5.3 you can declare anonymous functions; +// Desde PHP 5.3 se pueden declarar funciones anónimas $inc = function ($x) { return $x + 1; }; @@ -423,28 +422,28 @@ function foo ($x, $y, $z) { echo "$x - $y - $z"; } -// Functions can return functions +// Las funciones pueden devolver funciones function bar ($x, $y) { - // Use 'use' to bring in outside variables + // Utiliza 'use' para meter variables de fuera de la función return function ($z) use ($x, $y) { foo($x, $y, $z); }; } $bar = bar('A', 'B'); -$bar('C'); // Prints "A - B - C" +$bar('C'); // Imprime "A - B - C" -// You can call named functions using strings -$function_name = 'add'; -echo $function_name(1, 2); // => 3 -// Useful for programatically determining which function to run. -// Or, use call_user_func(callable $callback [, $parameter [, ... ]]); +// Puedes llamar a funciones utilizando cadenas de caracteres +$nombre_funcion = 'add'; +echo $nombre_funcion(1, 2); // => 3 +// Es útil para determinarl qué función ejecutar. +// O, utiliza call_user_func(callable $callback [, $parameter [, ... ]]); -// You can get the all the parameters passed to a function -function parameters() { - $numargs = func_num_args(); - if ($numargs > 0) { +// Puedes obtener todos los parámetros pasados a una función +function parametros() { + $numero_argumentos = func_num_args(); + if ($numero_argumentos > 0) { echo func_get_arg(0) . ' | '; } $args_array = func_get_args(); @@ -453,151 +452,153 @@ function parameters() { } } -parameters('Hello', 'World'); // Hello | 0 - Hello | 1 - World | +parametros('Hola', 'Mundo'); // Hola | 0 - Hola | 1 - Mundo | -// Since PHP 5.6 you can get a variable number of arguments -function variable($word, ...$list) { - echo $word . " || "; - foreach ($list as $item) { +// Desde PHP 5.6 se puede obtener un número variable de argumentos +function variable($palabra, ...$lista) { + echo $palabra . " || "; + foreach ($lista as $item) { echo $item . ' | '; } } -variable("Separate", "Hello", "World") // Separate || Hello | World | +variable("Separa", "Hola", "Mundo") // Separa || Hola | Mundo | /******************************** * Includes */ instanceProp = $instanceProp; } - // Methods are declared as functions inside a class - public function myMethod() + // Los métodos son declarados como funciones dentro de una clase + public function miMetodo() { - print 'MyClass'; + print 'MiClase'; } - //final keyword would make a function unoverridable - final function youCannotOverrideMe() + // la palabra clave final hará una función no sobreescribible + final function noMePuedesSobreEscribir() { } /* - * Declaring class properties or methods as static makes them accessible without - * needing an instantiation of the class. A property declared as static can not - * be accessed with an instantiated class object (though a static method can). + * Declarar propiedades de clase o métodos como estáticos los hace accesibles sin + * necesidad de instanciar la clase. Una propiedad declarada como estática no + * puede ser accedida mediante una instancia de la clase, pero sí mediante un + * método estático. */ - public static function myStaticMethod() + public static function miMetodoEstatico() { - print 'I am static'; + print 'Soy estático'; } } -// Class constants can always be accessed statically -echo MyClass::MY_CONST; // Outputs 'value'; +// Las constantes de una clase siempre pueden ser accedidas estáticamente +echo MiClase::MI_CONSTANTE; // Muestra 'valor'; -echo MyClass::$staticVar; // Outputs 'static'; -MyClass::myStaticMethod(); // Outputs 'I am static'; +echo MiClase::$staticVar; // Muestra 'static'; +MiClase::miMetodoEstatico(); // Muestra 'Soy estático'; -// Instantiate classes using new -$my_class = new MyClass('An instance property'); -// The parentheses are optional if not passing in an argument. +// Instancia una clase usando new +$mi_clase = new MiClase('Una instancia'); +// Los paréntesis son opcionales si no se pasa ningún argumento. -// Access class members using -> -echo $my_class->property; // => "public" -echo $my_class->instanceProp; // => "An instance property" -$my_class->myMethod(); // => "MyClass" +// Accede a los miembros de una clase utilizando -> +echo $mi_clase->propiedad; // => "public" +echo $mi_clase->instanceProp; // => "Una instancia" +$mi_clase->miMetodo(); // => "MiClase" -// Extend classes using "extends" -class MyOtherClass extends MyClass +// Extender clases utilizando "extends" +class MiOtraClase extends MiClase { - function printProtectedProperty() + function imprimePropiedadProtegida() { echo $this->prot; } - // Override a method - function myMethod() + // Sobreescribe un método + function miMetodo() { - parent::myMethod(); - print ' > MyOtherClass'; + parent::miMetodo(); + print ' > MiOtraClase'; } } -$my_other_class = new MyOtherClass('Instance prop'); -$my_other_class->printProtectedProperty(); // => Prints "protected" -$my_other_class->myMethod(); // Prints "MyClass > MyOtherClass" +$mi_otra_clase = new MiOtraClase('Propiedad de instancia'); +$mi_otra_clase->imprimePropiedadProtegida(); // => Imprime "protected" +$mi_otra_clase->miMetodo(); // Imprime "MiClase > MiOtraClase" -final class YouCannotExtendMe +final class NoMePuedesExtender { } -// You can use "magic methods" to create getters and setters -class MyMapClass +// Puedes utilizar "métodos mágicos" para crear los getters y setters +class MiClaseMapeada { - private $property; + private $propiedad; public function __get($key) { @@ -610,60 +611,60 @@ class MyMapClass } } -$x = new MyMapClass(); -echo $x->property; // Will use the __get() method -$x->property = 'Something'; // Will use the __set() method +$x = new MiClaseMapeada(); +echo $x->propiedad; // Utilizará el método __get() +$x->propiedad = 'Algo'; // Utilizará el método __set() -// Classes can be abstract (using the abstract keyword) or -// implement interfaces (using the implements keyword). -// An interface is declared with the interface keyword. +// Las clases pueden ser abstractas (utilizando la palabra clave abstract) o +// implementando interfaces (utilizando la palabra clave implements). +// Una interfaz puede ser declarada con la palabra clave interface. -interface InterfaceOne +interface InterfazUno { - public function doSomething(); + public function hazAlgo(); } -interface InterfaceTwo +interface InterfazDos { - public function doSomethingElse(); + public function hazOtraCosa(); } -// interfaces can be extended -interface InterfaceThree extends InterfaceTwo +// las interfaces pueden ser extendidas +interface InterfazTres extends InterfazDos { - public function doAnotherContract(); + public function hazCualquierOtraCosa(); } -abstract class MyAbstractClass implements InterfaceOne +abstract class MiClaseAbstracta implements InterfazUno { - public $x = 'doSomething'; + public $x = 'hazAlgo'; } -class MyConcreteClass extends MyAbstractClass implements InterfaceTwo +class MiOtraClase extends MiClaseAbstracta implements InterfazDos { - public function doSomething() + public function hazAlgo() { echo $x; } - public function doSomethingElse() + public function hazOtraCosa() { - echo 'doSomethingElse'; + echo 'hazOtraCosa'; } } -// Classes can implement more than one interface -class SomeOtherClass implements InterfaceOne, InterfaceTwo +// Las clases pueden implementar más de una interfaz +class CualquierOtraClase implements InterfazUno, InterfazDos { - public function doSomething() + public function hazAlgo() { - echo 'doSomething'; + echo 'hazAlgo'; } - public function doSomethingElse() + public function hazOtraCosa() { - echo 'doSomethingElse'; + echo 'hazOtraCosa'; } } @@ -672,65 +673,65 @@ class SomeOtherClass implements InterfaceOne, InterfaceTwo * Traits */ -// Traits are available from PHP 5.4.0 and are declared using "trait" +// Los traits están disponibles desde PHP 5.4.0 y son declarados utilizando "trait" -trait MyTrait +trait MiTrait { - public function myTraitMethod() + public function miMetodoTrait() { - print 'I have MyTrait'; + print 'Tengo trait'; } } -class MyTraitfulClass +class MiClaseTrait { - use MyTrait; + use MiTrait; } -$cls = new MyTraitfulClass(); -$cls->myTraitMethod(); // Prints "I have MyTrait" +$cls = new MiClaseTrait(); +$cls->miMetodoTrait(); // Imprime "Tengo trait" /******************************** * Namespaces */ -// This section is separate, because a namespace declaration -// must be the first statement in a file. Let's pretend that is not the case +// Esta sección está separada porque una declaración de namespace debe +// ser la primera sentencia en un archivo. Vamos a suponer que no es el caso Date: Sat, 31 Oct 2015 15:45:36 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 3/4] Create latex es-es file --- es-es/latex-es.html.markdown | 239 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 239 insertions(+) create mode 100644 es-es/latex-es.html.markdown diff --git a/es-es/latex-es.html.markdown b/es-es/latex-es.html.markdown new file mode 100644 index 00000000..11bac4fc --- /dev/null +++ b/es-es/latex-es.html.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ +--- +language: latex +contributors: + - ["Chaitanya Krishna Ande", "http://icymist.github.io"] + - ["Colton Kohnke", "http://github.com/voltnor"] + - ["Sricharan Chiruvolu", "http://sricharan.xyz"] +translators: + - ["Mario Pérez", "https://github.com/MarioPerezEsteso"] +filename: learn-latex-es.tex +--- + +```tex +% All comment lines start with % +% There are no multi-line comments + +% LaTeX is NOT a "What You See Is What You Get" word processing software like +% MS Word, or OpenOffice Writer + +% Every LaTeX command starts with a backslash (\) + +% LaTeX documents start with a defining the type of document it's compiling +% Other document types include book, report, presentations, etc. +% The options for the document appear in the [] brackets. In this case +% it specifies we want to use 12pt font. +\documentclass[12pt]{article} + +% Next we define the packages the document uses. +% If you want to include graphics, colored text, or +% source code from another language file into your document, +% you need to enhance the capabilities of LaTeX. This is done by adding packages. +% I'm going to include the float and caption packages for figures. +\usepackage{caption} +\usepackage{float} + +% We can define some other document properties too! +\author{Chaitanya Krishna Ande, Colton Kohnke \& Sricharan Chiruvolu} +\date{\today} +\title{Learn LaTeX in Y Minutes!} + +% Now we're ready to begin the document +% Everything before this line is called "The Preamble" +\begin{document} +% if we set the author, date, title fields, we can have LaTeX +% create a title page for us. +\maketitle + +% Most research papers have abstract, you can use the predefined commands for this. +% This should appear in its logical order, therefore, after the top matter, +% but before the main sections of the body. +% This command is available in the document classes article and report. +\begin{abstract} + LaTeX documentation written as LaTeX! How novel and totally not my idea! +\end{abstract} + +% Section commands are intuitive. +% All the titles of the sections are added automatically to the table of contents. +\section{Introduction} +Hello, my name is Colton and together we're going to explore LaTeX! + +\section{Another section} +This is the text for another section. I think it needs a subsection. + +\subsection{This is a subsection} % Subsections are also intuitive. +I think we need another one + +\subsubsection{Pythagoras} +Much better now. +\label{subsec:pythagoras} + +% By using the asterisk we can suppress LaTeX's inbuilt numbering. +% This works for other LaTeX commands as well. +\section*{This is an unnumbered section} +However not all sections have to be numbered! + +\section{Some Text notes} +LaTeX is generally pretty good about placing text where it should go. If +a line \\ needs \\ to \\ break \\ you add \textbackslash\textbackslash to +the source code. \\ + +\section{Lists} +Lists are one of the easiest things to create in LaTeX! I need to go shopping +tomorrow, so let's make a grocery list. +\begin{enumerate} % This creates an "enumerate" environment. + % \item tells the enumerate to increment + \item Salad. + \item 27 watermelon. + \item A single jackrabbit. + % we can even override the item number by using [] + \item[how many?] Medium sized squirt guns. + + Not a list item, but still part of the enumerate. + +\end{enumerate} % All environments must have an end. + +\section{Math} + +One of the primary uses for LaTeX is to produce academic articles or +technical papers. Usually in the realm of math and science. As such, +we need to be able to add special symbols to our paper! \\ + +Math has many symbols, far beyond what you can find on a keyboard; +Set and relation symbols, arrows, operators, and Greek letters to name a few.\\ + +Sets and relations play a vital role in many mathematical research papers. +Here's how you state all y that belong to X, $\forall$ x $\in$ X. \\ +% Notice how I needed to add $ signs before and after the symbols. This is +% because when writing, we are in text-mode. +% However, the math symbols only exist in math-mode. +% We can enter math-mode from text mode with the $ signs. +% The opposite also holds true. Variable can also be rendered in math-mode. +% We can also enter math mode with \[\] + +\[a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \] + +My favorite Greek letter is $\xi$. I also like $\beta$, $\gamma$ and $\sigma$. +I haven't found a Greek letter that yet that LaTeX doesn't know about! + +Operators are essential parts of a mathematical document: +trigonometric functions ($\sin$, $\cos$, $\tan$), +logarithms and exponentials ($\log$, $\exp$), +limits ($\lim$), etc. +have per-defined LaTeX commands. +Let's write an equation to see how it's done: \\ + +$\cos(2\theta) = \cos^{2}(\theta) - \sin^{2}(\theta)$ + +Fractions(Numerator-denominators) can be written in these forms: + +% 10 / 7 +$^{10}/_{7}$ + +% Relatively complex fractions can be written as +% \frac{numerator}{denominator} +$\frac{n!}{k!(n - k)!}$ \\ + +We can also insert equations in an "equation environment". + +% Display math with the equation 'environment' +\begin{equation} % enters math-mode + c^2 = a^2 + b^2. + \label{eq:pythagoras} % for referencing +\end{equation} % all \begin statements must have an end statement + +We can then reference our new equation! +Eqn.~\ref{eq:pythagoras} is also known as the Pythagoras Theorem which is also +the subject of Sec.~\ref{subsec:pythagoras}. A lot of things can be labeled: +figures, equations, sections, etc. + +Summations and Integrals are written with sum and int commands: + +% Some LaTeX compilers will complain if there are blank lines +% In an equation environment. +\begin{equation} + \sum_{i=0}^{5} f_{i} +\end{equation} +\begin{equation} + \int_{0}^{\infty} \mathrm{e}^{-x} \mathrm{d}x +\end{equation} + +\section{Figures} + +Let's insert a Figure. Figure placement can get a little tricky. +I definitely have to lookup the placement options each time. + +\begin{figure}[H] % H here denoted the placement option. + \centering % centers the figure on the page + % Inserts a figure scaled to 0.8 the width of the page. + %\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{right-triangle.png} + % Commented out for compilation purposes. Please use your imagination. + \caption{Right triangle with sides $a$, $b$, $c$} + \label{fig:right-triangle} +\end{figure} + +\subsection{Table} +We can also insert Tables in the same way as figures. + +\begin{table}[H] + \caption{Caption for the Table.} + % the {} arguments below describe how each row of the table is drawn. + % Again, I have to look these up. Each. And. Every. Time. + \begin{tabular}{c|cc} + Number & Last Name & First Name \\ % Column rows are separated by $ + \hline % a horizontal line + 1 & Biggus & Dickus \\ + 2 & Monty & Python + \end{tabular} +\end{table} + +% \section{Hyperlinks} % Coming soon + +\section{Getting LaTeX to not compile something (i.e. Source Code)} +Let's say we want to include some code into our LaTeX document, +we would then need LaTeX to not try and interpret that text and +instead just print it to the document. We do this we a verbatim +environment. + +% There are other packages that exist (i.e. minty, lstlisting, etc.) +% but verbatim is the bare-bones basic one. +\begin{verbatim} + print("Hello World!") + a%b; % look! We can use % signs in verbatim. + random = 4; #decided by fair random dice roll +\end{verbatim} + +\section{Compiling} + +By now you're probably wondering how to compile this fabulous document +and look at the glorious glory that is a LaTeX pdf. +(yes, this document actually does compiles). \\ +Getting to the final document using LaTeX consists of the following steps: + \begin{enumerate} + \item Write the document in plain text (the "source code"). + \item Compile source code to produce a pdf. + The compilation step looks something like this (in Linux): \\ + \begin{verbatim} + $pdflatex learn-latex.tex learn-latex.pdf + \end{verbatim} + \end{enumerate} + +A number of LaTeX editors combine both Step 1 and Step 2 in the same piece of +software. So, you get to see Step 1, but not Step 2 completely. +Step 2 is still happening behind the scenes. + +You write all your formatting information in plain text in Step 1. +The compilation part in Step 2 takes care of producing the document in the +format you defined in Step 1. + +\section{End} + +That's all for now! + +% end the document +\end{document} +``` + +## Más información sobre LaTeX + +* El wikilibro LaTeX: [https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/Manual_de_LaTeX](https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/Manual_de_LaTeX) +* Un tutorial real: [http://www.latex-tutorial.com/](http://www.latex-tutorial.com/) From fd512d12fcda159469d9450416a527a0a17f2774 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Mario=20P=C3=A9rez?= Date: Sat, 31 Oct 2015 16:45:36 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Translate learn LaTeX to es-ES --- es-es/latex-es.html.markdown | 241 ++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 107 insertions(+), 134 deletions(-) diff --git a/es-es/latex-es.html.markdown b/es-es/latex-es.html.markdown index 11bac4fc..6743ad80 100644 --- a/es-es/latex-es.html.markdown +++ b/es-es/latex-es.html.markdown @@ -10,146 +10,131 @@ filename: learn-latex-es.tex --- ```tex -% All comment lines start with % -% There are no multi-line comments +% Todas las líneas comentadas comienzan con % +% No existen los comentarios multilínea -% LaTeX is NOT a "What You See Is What You Get" word processing software like -% MS Word, or OpenOffice Writer +% LaTeX NO es un software de procesamiento de texto que cumple con +% "Lo que ves es lo que tienes" como MS Word u OpenOffice -% Every LaTeX command starts with a backslash (\) +% Todos los comandos de LaTeX comienzan con una contrabarra (\) -% LaTeX documents start with a defining the type of document it's compiling -% Other document types include book, report, presentations, etc. -% The options for the document appear in the [] brackets. In this case -% it specifies we want to use 12pt font. +% Los documentos LaTeX comienzan definiendo el tipo de documento que se va a +% compilar. Algunos tipos de documentos son libros, informes, presentaciones, +% etc. Las opciones para el documento comienzan en los corchetes []. En este +% caso, se especifica que queremos utilizar una fuente de tamaño 12pt. \documentclass[12pt]{article} -% Next we define the packages the document uses. -% If you want to include graphics, colored text, or -% source code from another language file into your document, -% you need to enhance the capabilities of LaTeX. This is done by adding packages. -% I'm going to include the float and caption packages for figures. +% A continuación, definimos los paquetes que utilizará el documento. +% Si quieres incluir gráficos, texto coloreado o código fuente de otro lenguaje, +% debes extender las funciones de LaTeX. Esto se consigue añadiendo paquetes. +% A continuación se incluirán los paquetes float y caption para figuras. \usepackage{caption} \usepackage{float} -% We can define some other document properties too! +% También podemos definir otras propiedades en el documento \author{Chaitanya Krishna Ande, Colton Kohnke \& Sricharan Chiruvolu} \date{\today} \title{Learn LaTeX in Y Minutes!} -% Now we're ready to begin the document -% Everything before this line is called "The Preamble" +% Ahora estamos preparados para comenzar el documento +% Todo lo que se encuentre antes de esta línea se llama "El Preámbulo" \begin{document} -% if we set the author, date, title fields, we can have LaTeX -% create a title page for us. +% Si especificamos el autor, fecha y título, LaTeX creará una página como título +% por nosotros \maketitle -% Most research papers have abstract, you can use the predefined commands for this. -% This should appear in its logical order, therefore, after the top matter, -% but before the main sections of the body. -% This command is available in the document classes article and report. +% La mayoría de los artículos de investigación tienen un abstract. Es posible +% utilizar comandos predefinidos para ello. +% Esto debería aparecer en su orden lógico. Tras el título pero antes de las +% secciones principales del cuerpo. +% Este comando está disponible en los tipos de documentos article y report. \begin{abstract} - LaTeX documentation written as LaTeX! How novel and totally not my idea! + Documentación de LaTex escrita en LaTex. \end{abstract} -% Section commands are intuitive. -% All the titles of the sections are added automatically to the table of contents. -\section{Introduction} -Hello, my name is Colton and together we're going to explore LaTeX! +% Los comandos de sección son intuitivos. +% Todos los títulos de secciones son añadidos automáticamente a la tabla de contenidos. +\section{Introducción} +Hola, mi nombre es Mario Pérez y estoy traduciendo este documento para aprender LaTex. -\section{Another section} -This is the text for another section. I think it needs a subsection. +\section{Otra sección} +Este es el texto de otra sección. Creo que necesitará una subsección. -\subsection{This is a subsection} % Subsections are also intuitive. -I think we need another one +\subsection{Esto es una subsección} % Las subsecciones también son fáciles. +Creo que necesitamos otra más. -\subsubsection{Pythagoras} -Much better now. -\label{subsec:pythagoras} +\subsubsection{Pitágoras} +Mejor ahora. +\label{subsec:pitagoras} -% By using the asterisk we can suppress LaTeX's inbuilt numbering. -% This works for other LaTeX commands as well. -\section*{This is an unnumbered section} -However not all sections have to be numbered! +% Utilizando el asterisco podemos decirle a LaTeX que no ponga los números de secciones y subsecciones. +% Esto también funciona con otros comandos de LaTeX. +\section*{Esto es una sección no numerada} +¡No todas las secciones tienen que estar numeradas! -\section{Some Text notes} -LaTeX is generally pretty good about placing text where it should go. If -a line \\ needs \\ to \\ break \\ you add \textbackslash\textbackslash to -the source code. \\ +\section{Algunas notas} +LaTeX es generalmente bastante bueno situando el texto donde debe ir. Si una lína \\ necesita \\ ser \\ rota \\ puedes poner \textbackslash\textbackslash en el código fuente. \\ -\section{Lists} -Lists are one of the easiest things to create in LaTeX! I need to go shopping -tomorrow, so let's make a grocery list. -\begin{enumerate} % This creates an "enumerate" environment. - % \item tells the enumerate to increment - \item Salad. - \item 27 watermelon. - \item A single jackrabbit. - % we can even override the item number by using [] - \item[how many?] Medium sized squirt guns. +\section{Listas} +Las listas son de las cosas más fáciles de crear en LaTeX. Necesito ir a comprar mañana, así que vamos a crear una lista de la compra. +\begin{enumerate} % Esto crea una lista numerada. + % \item crea un elemento + \item Ensalada. + \item 27 sandías. + \item Pescado. + % podemos incluso sobreescribir el número del ítem usando [] + \item[cuántos?] Plátanos. - Not a list item, but still part of the enumerate. + No es un ítem de la lista, pero sigue siendo parte de la enumeración. -\end{enumerate} % All environments must have an end. +\end{enumerate} % Todos los contextos deben tener un final. -\section{Math} +\section{Matemáticas} -One of the primary uses for LaTeX is to produce academic articles or -technical papers. Usually in the realm of math and science. As such, -we need to be able to add special symbols to our paper! \\ +Uno de los usos principales de LaTeX es la producción de artículos académicos o técnicos. Normalmente relacionados con la ciencia y las matemáticas. Debido a esto, necesitamos poder añadir símbolos especiales a nuestro artículo.\\ -Math has many symbols, far beyond what you can find on a keyboard; -Set and relation symbols, arrows, operators, and Greek letters to name a few.\\ +En matemáticas hay muchos símbolos. Más de los que podemos encontrar en un teclado. Flechas o letras por nombrar un par.\\ -Sets and relations play a vital role in many mathematical research papers. -Here's how you state all y that belong to X, $\forall$ x $\in$ X. \\ -% Notice how I needed to add $ signs before and after the symbols. This is -% because when writing, we are in text-mode. -% However, the math symbols only exist in math-mode. -% We can enter math-mode from text mode with the $ signs. -% The opposite also holds true. Variable can also be rendered in math-mode. -% We can also enter math mode with \[\] +Algunos símbolos juegan un papel fundamental en muchos artículos de investigación matemática. Así es como se establece que todo Y pertenece a X: $\forall$ x $\in$ X. \\ +He necesitado añadir el signo $ antes de los símbolos. Esto se debe a que cuando escribimos, estamos en modo texto. Sin embargo, los símbolos solo pueden utilizarse en modo matemático, al cual se entra con el signo $. +% Lo opuesto también se cumple. Una variable también puede ser mostrada en modo matemático, al que también se puede entrar con \[\] \[a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \] -My favorite Greek letter is $\xi$. I also like $\beta$, $\gamma$ and $\sigma$. -I haven't found a Greek letter that yet that LaTeX doesn't know about! +Mi letra griega favorita es $\xi$. También me gustan $\beta$, $\gamma$ y $\sigma$. +Todavía no he encontrado una letra griega que LaTeX no conozca. -Operators are essential parts of a mathematical document: -trigonometric functions ($\sin$, $\cos$, $\tan$), -logarithms and exponentials ($\log$, $\exp$), -limits ($\lim$), etc. -have per-defined LaTeX commands. -Let's write an equation to see how it's done: \\ +Los operadores son también una parte esencial de un documento matemático: +funciones trigonométricas ($\sin$, $\cos$, $\tan$), logaritmos y exponenciales ($\log$, $\exp$), límites ($\lim$), etc. tienen comandos predefinidos en LaTeX. + +Vamos a escribir una ecuación para ver cómo se hace: \\ $\cos(2\theta) = \cos^{2}(\theta) - \sin^{2}(\theta)$ -Fractions(Numerator-denominators) can be written in these forms: +Las fracciones (numeradores-denominadores) pueden escribirse de la siguiente forma: % 10 / 7 $^{10}/_{7}$ -% Relatively complex fractions can be written as -% \frac{numerator}{denominator} +% Las fracciones relativamente complejas pueden escribirse como +% \frac{numerador}{denominador} $\frac{n!}{k!(n - k)!}$ \\ -We can also insert equations in an "equation environment". +También podemos insertar ecuaciones en un contexto de ecuación. -% Display math with the equation 'environment' -\begin{equation} % enters math-mode +% Mostrar matemáticas en el contexto de ecuaciones +\begin{equation} % entra en modo matemático c^2 = a^2 + b^2. - \label{eq:pythagoras} % for referencing -\end{equation} % all \begin statements must have an end statement + \label{eq:pitagoras} % para referencias +\end{equation} % Todos los contextos deben tener un final. -We can then reference our new equation! -Eqn.~\ref{eq:pythagoras} is also known as the Pythagoras Theorem which is also -the subject of Sec.~\ref{subsec:pythagoras}. A lot of things can be labeled: -figures, equations, sections, etc. +Podemos referenciar nuestra nueva ecuación. +Ecuación ~\ref{eq:pythagoras} también se conoce como el Teorema de Pitágoras, el cual también se encuentra en la sección ~\ref{subsec:pythagoras}. Muchas cosas pueden ser etiquetadas: figures, equations, sections, etc. -Summations and Integrals are written with sum and int commands: +Los sumatorios e integrales son escritor son los comandos sum e int: -% Some LaTeX compilers will complain if there are blank lines -% In an equation environment. +% Algunos compiladores de LaTeX se quejarán si hay líneas en blanco +% En un contexto de ecuación. \begin{equation} \sum_{i=0}^{5} f_{i} \end{equation} @@ -157,79 +142,67 @@ Summations and Integrals are written with sum and int commands: \int_{0}^{\infty} \mathrm{e}^{-x} \mathrm{d}x \end{equation} -\section{Figures} +\section{Figuras} -Let's insert a Figure. Figure placement can get a little tricky. -I definitely have to lookup the placement options each time. +Vamos a insertar una figura. Situarla puede ser algo complicado. -\begin{figure}[H] % H here denoted the placement option. - \centering % centers the figure on the page - % Inserts a figure scaled to 0.8 the width of the page. +\begin{figure}[H] % H aquí establece la situación de la figura. + \centering % centra la figura en la página + % Inserta una figura escalada por 0.8 el ancho de la página. %\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{right-triangle.png} - % Commented out for compilation purposes. Please use your imagination. - \caption{Right triangle with sides $a$, $b$, $c$} + % La línea anterior ha sido comentada para poder compilar este archivo. Por favor, usa tu imaginación. + \caption{Triángulo con lados $a$, $b$, $c$} \label{fig:right-triangle} \end{figure} -\subsection{Table} -We can also insert Tables in the same way as figures. +\subsection{Tablas} +También podemos insertar tablas de la misma manera que las figuras. \begin{table}[H] - \caption{Caption for the Table.} - % the {} arguments below describe how each row of the table is drawn. - % Again, I have to look these up. Each. And. Every. Time. + \caption{Título para la tabla.} + % los argumentos en {} describen cómo cada fila va a ser representada. \begin{tabular}{c|cc} - Number & Last Name & First Name \\ % Column rows are separated by $ - \hline % a horizontal line + Número & Nombre & Apellido \\ + \hline % una línea horizontal 1 & Biggus & Dickus \\ 2 & Monty & Python \end{tabular} \end{table} -% \section{Hyperlinks} % Coming soon +% \section{Hyperlinks} % En construcción -\section{Getting LaTeX to not compile something (i.e. Source Code)} -Let's say we want to include some code into our LaTeX document, -we would then need LaTeX to not try and interpret that text and -instead just print it to the document. We do this we a verbatim -environment. +\section{Haciendo que LaTeX no compile algo (por ejemplo, código fuente)} +Digamos que queremos incluir código fuente dentro de nuestro documento LaTex. En ese caso, debemos indicarle a LaTeX que no trate de compilarlo y simplemente lo muestre en el documento. Esto lo realizamos en el contexto verbatim. -% There are other packages that exist (i.e. minty, lstlisting, etc.) -% but verbatim is the bare-bones basic one. +% Hay otros paquetes para esta misma tarea, pero verbatim es el más básico. \begin{verbatim} - print("Hello World!") - a%b; % look! We can use % signs in verbatim. - random = 4; #decided by fair random dice roll + print("Hola Mundo!") + a%b; % Podemos usar los signos % en verbatim. + aleatorio = 4; # Número aleatorio \end{verbatim} -\section{Compiling} +\section{Compilación} -By now you're probably wondering how to compile this fabulous document -and look at the glorious glory that is a LaTeX pdf. -(yes, this document actually does compiles). \\ -Getting to the final document using LaTeX consists of the following steps: +Ahora mismo te estarás preguntando cómo compilar este fabuloso documento y obtener un documento PDF.\\ +Para obtener el documento final utilizando LaTeX hay que seguir los siguientes pasos: \begin{enumerate} - \item Write the document in plain text (the "source code"). - \item Compile source code to produce a pdf. - The compilation step looks something like this (in Linux): \\ + \item Escribe el documento en texto plano. + \item Compila el código para producir un PDF. + Los pasos de compilación serán algo parecido a esto (en Linux): \\ \begin{verbatim} $pdflatex learn-latex.tex learn-latex.pdf \end{verbatim} \end{enumerate} -A number of LaTeX editors combine both Step 1 and Step 2 in the same piece of -software. So, you get to see Step 1, but not Step 2 completely. -Step 2 is still happening behind the scenes. +Un gran número de editores LaTeX combinan ambos pasos para que sea más sencillo obtener el documento. -You write all your formatting information in plain text in Step 1. -The compilation part in Step 2 takes care of producing the document in the -format you defined in Step 1. +Escribe toda la información de formato en el paso 1 y con el paso 2 obtendrás el documento que has definido en el paso anterior. \section{End} -That's all for now! +Esto es todo por ahora. -% end the document +% fin del documento \end{document} ```