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[lfe/en] proofread
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Boris Verkhovskiy
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---
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language: "Lisp Flavoured Erlang(LFE)"
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language: "Lisp Flavoured Erlang (LFE)"
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filename: lispflavourederlang.lfe
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contributors:
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- ["Pratik Karki", "https://github.com/prertik"]
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---
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Lisp Flavoured Erlang(LFE) is a functional, concurrent, general-purpose programming
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language and Lisp dialect(Lisp-2) built on top of Core Erlang and the Erlang Virtual Machine(BEAM).
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LFE can be obtained from [LFE](https://github.com/rvirding/lfe)
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The classic starting point is [LFE DOCS.](http://docs.lfe.io)
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Another new site is being built to replace it.[LFE DEV.](http://docs.lfe.io/dev)
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Lisp Flavoured Erlang (LFE) is a functional, concurrent, general-purpose programming
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language and Lisp dialect (Lisp-2) built on top of Core Erlang and the Erlang Virtual Machine (BEAM).
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LFE can be obtained from [LFE](https://github.com/rvirding/lfe).
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The classic starting point is the [LFE docs](http://docs.lfe.io).
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```lisp
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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@ -24,7 +18,7 @@ Another new site is being built to replace it.[LFE DEV.](http://docs.lfe.io/dev)
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;;; General form.
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;; Lisp comprises of two syntax called: the ATOM and the S-expression.
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;; Lisp is comprised of two syntaxes, the ATOM and the S-expression.
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;; `forms` are known as grouped S-expressions.
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8 ; an atom; it evaluates to itself
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@ -55,7 +49,7 @@ t ; another atom which denotes true.
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;; Libraries can be used directly from the Erlang ecosystem. Rebar3 is the build tool.
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;; LFE is usually developed with a text editor(preferably Emacs) and a REPL
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;; (Read Evaluate Print Loop) running at the same time. The REPL
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;; (Read Evaluate Print Loop) running at the same time. The REPL
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;; allows for interactive exploration of the program as it is "live"
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;; in the system.
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@ -65,18 +59,18 @@ t ; another atom which denotes true.
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;;; Integers
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1234 -123 ; Regular decimal notation
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#b0 #b10101 ; Binary notation
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#0 #10101 ; Binary notation (alternative form)
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#o377 #o-111 ; Octal notation
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#d123456789 #d+123 ; Explicitly decimal notation
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#xc0ffe 0x-01 ; Hexadecimal notation
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#2r1010 #8r377 ;Notation with explicit base (up to 36)
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1234 -123 ; Regular decimal notation
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#b0 #b10101 ; Binary notation
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#0 #10101 ; Binary notation (alternative form)
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#o377 #o-111 ; Octal notation
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#d123456789 #d+123 ; Explicitly decimal notation
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#xc0ffe 0x-01 ; Hexadecimal notation
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#2r1010 #8r377 ;Notation with explicit base (up to 36)
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#\a #$ #\ä #\🐭 ;Character notation (the value is the Unicode code point of the character)
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#\x1f42d; ;Character notation with the value in hexadecimal
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#\x1f42d; ;Character notation with the value in hexadecimal
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;;; Floating point numbers
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1.0 +2.0 -1.5 1.0e10 1.111e-10
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1.0 +2.0 -1.5 1.0e10 1.111e-10
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;;; Strings
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@ -85,25 +79,25 @@ t ; another atom which denotes true.
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"Cat: \x1f639;" ; writing unicode in string for regular font ending with semicolon.
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#"This is a binary string \n with some \"escaped\" and quoted (\x1f639;) characters"
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; Binary strings are just strings but function different in the VM.
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; Binary strings are just strings but function different in the VM.
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; Other ways of writing it are: #B("a"), #"a", and #B(97).
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;;; Character escaping
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\b ; => Backspace
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\t ; => Tab
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\n ; => Newline
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\v ; => Vertical tab
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\f ; => Form Feed
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\r ; => Carriage Return
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\e ; => Escape
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\s ; => Space
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\d ; => Delete
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\b ; => Backspace
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\t ; => Tab
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\n ; => Newline
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\v ; => Vertical tab
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\f ; => Form Feed
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\r ; => Carriage Return
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\e ; => Escape
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\s ; => Space
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\d ; => Delete
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;;; Binaries
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;; It is used to create binaries with any contents.
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#B((#"a" binary) (#"b" binary)) ; #"ab" (Evaluated form)
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#B((#"a" binary) (#"b" binary)) ; #"ab" (Evaluated form)
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;;; Lists are: () or (foo bar baz)
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@ -114,7 +108,7 @@ t ; another atom which denotes true.
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;;; Symbols: Things that cannot be parsed. Eg: foo, Foo, foo-bar, :foo
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| foo | ; explicit construction of symbol by wrapping vertical bars.
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;;; Evaluation
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;;; Evaluation
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;; #.(... some expression ...). E.g. '#.(+ 1 1) will evaluate the (+ 1 1) while it ;; reads the expression and then be effectively '2.
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@ -130,7 +124,7 @@ lfe> (list-comp
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;; 2. Core forms
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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;; These forms are same as those found at Common Lisp and Scheme.
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;; These forms are the same as those found in Common Lisp and Scheme.
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(quote e)
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(cons head tail)
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@ -189,8 +183,8 @@ lfe> (list-comp
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;; 3. Macros
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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;; Macros are part of the language to allow you to create abstractions
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;; on top of the core language and standard library that move you closer
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;; Macros are part of the language and allow you to create abstractions
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;; on top of the core language and standard library that move you closer
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;; toward being able to directly express the things you want to express.
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;; Top-level function
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@ -215,7 +209,7 @@ lfe> (list-comp
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((argpat ...) ...)
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...)
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;; Top-level macro using Scheme inspired syntax-rules format
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;; Top-level macro using Scheme inspired syntax-rules format
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(defsyntax name
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(pat exp)
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@ -226,7 +220,7 @@ lfe> (list-comp
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(macrolet ((name (arg ... ) ... )
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... )
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... )
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(syntaxlet ((name (pat exp) ...)
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...)
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...)
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@ -258,12 +252,12 @@ lfe> (list-comp
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;; [P|Ps]=All (= (cons p ps) all)
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_ ; => is don't care while pattern matching
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(= pattern1 pattern2) ; => easier, better version of pattern matching
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;; Guards
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;; Whenever pattern occurs(let, case, receive, lc, etc) it can be followed by an optional
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;; Whenever pattern occurs (let, case, receive, lc, etc) it can be followed by an optional
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;; guard which has the form (when test ...).
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(progn gtest ...) ;; => Sequence of guard tests
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@ -316,19 +310,19 @@ lfe>msg
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;; Functions are bound by top-level defun, flet and fletrec.
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;; Macros are bound by top-level defmacro/defsyntax and by macrolet/syntaxlet.
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;; (funcall func arg ...) like CL to call lambdas/match-lambdas
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;; (funcall func arg ...) like CL to call lambdas/match-lambdas
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;; (funs) bound to variables are used.
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;; separate bindings and special for apply.
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apply _F (...),
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apply _F (...),
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apply _F/3 ( a1, a2, a3 )
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;; Cons'ing in function heads
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(defun sum (l) (sum l 0))
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(defun sum
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(('() total) total)
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(((cons h t) total) (sum t (+ h total))))
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;; ``cons`` literal instead of constructor form
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(defun sum (l) (sum l 0))
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(defun sum
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@ -349,7 +343,7 @@ apply _F/3 ( a1, a2, a3 )
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(receive
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((tuple 'become func)
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(funcall func))))
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;; another way for receiving messages
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(defun universal-server ()
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@ -392,7 +386,7 @@ apply _F/3 ( a1, a2, a3 )
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(defun send-message (calling-pid msg)
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(let ((spawned-pid (spawn 'messenger-back 'print-result ())))
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(! spawned-pid (tuple calling-pid msg))))
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;; Multiple simultaneous HTTP Requests:
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(defun parse-args (flag)
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@ -437,22 +431,15 @@ apply _F/3 ( a1, a2, a3 )
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(io:format "Error: ~p~n" `(,reason)))
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(`#(http #(,request-id ,result))
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(io:format "Result: ~p~n" `(,result))))))
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;; Check out Erlang's documentation for more concurrency and OTP docs.
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```
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## Further Reading
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* [LFE DOCS](http://docs.lfe.io)
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* [LFE GitBook](https://lfe.gitbooks.io/reference-guide/index.html)
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* [LFE Wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LFE_(programming_language))
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* [LFE DOCS](http://docs.lfe.io)
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* [LFE GitBook](https://lfe.gitbooks.io/reference-guide/index.html)
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* [LFE Wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LFE_(programming_language))
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## Extra Info
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* [LFE PDF](http://www.erlang-factory.com/upload/presentations/61/Robertvirding-LispFlavouredErlang.pdf)
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* [LFE mail](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lisp-flavoured-erlang/XA5HeLbQQDk/TUHabZCHXB0J)
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## Credits
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Lots of thanks to Robert Virding for creating LFE, Duncan McGreggor for documenting it and other LFE contributors who made LFE awesome.
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* [LFE PDF](http://www.erlang-factory.com/upload/presentations/61/Robertvirding-LispFlavouredErlang.pdf)
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* [LFE mail](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lisp-flavoured-erlang/XA5HeLbQQDk/TUHabZCHXB0J)
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