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Merge pull request #1489 from evuez/patch-2
[python/en] Add some stuff to lists, tuples, dicts, sets and classes
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@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ contributors:
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- ["Louie Dinh", "http://ldinh.ca"]
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- ["Amin Bandali", "http://aminbandali.com"]
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- ["Andre Polykanine", "https://github.com/Oire"]
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- ["evuez", "http://github.com/evuez"]
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filename: learnpython.py
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---
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@ -224,6 +225,17 @@ li + other_li # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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# Concatenate lists with "extend()"
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li.extend(other_li) # Now li is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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# Remove first occurrence of a value
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li.remove(2) # li is now [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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li.remove(2) # Raises a ValueError as 2 is not in the list
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# Insert an element at a specific index
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li.insert(1, 2) # li is now [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] again
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# Get the index of the first item found
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li.index(2) # => 3
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li.index(7) # Raises a ValueError as 7 is not in the list
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# Check for existence in a list with "in"
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1 in li # => True
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@ -315,6 +327,15 @@ filled_set | other_set # => {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
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# Do set difference with -
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{1, 2, 3, 4} - {2, 3, 5} # => {1, 4}
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# Do set symmetric difference with ^
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{1, 2, 3, 4} ^ {2, 3, 5} # => {1, 4, 5}
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# Check if set on the left is a superset of set on the right
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{1, 2} >= {1, 2, 3} # => False
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# Check if set on the left is a subset of set on the right
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{1, 2} <= {1, 2, 3} # => True
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# Check for existence in a set with in
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2 in filled_set # => True
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10 in filled_set # => False
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@ -466,19 +487,19 @@ def pass_all_the_args(*args, **kwargs):
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# Function Scope
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x = 5
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def setX(num):
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def set_x(num):
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# Local var x not the same as global variable x
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x = num # => 43
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print x # => 43
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def setGlobalX(num):
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def set_global_x(num):
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global x
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print x # => 5
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x = num # global var x is now set to 6
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print x # => 6
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setX(43)
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setGlobalX(6)
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set_x(43)
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set_global_x(6)
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# Python has first class functions
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def create_adder(x):
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@ -522,6 +543,10 @@ class Human(object):
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# Assign the argument to the instance's name attribute
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self.name = name
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# Initialize property
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self.age = 0
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# An instance method. All methods take "self" as the first argument
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def say(self, msg):
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return "{0}: {1}".format(self.name, msg)
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@ -537,6 +562,23 @@ class Human(object):
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def grunt():
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return "*grunt*"
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# A property is just like a getter.
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# It turns the method age() into an read-only attribute
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# of the same name.
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@property
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def age(self):
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return self._age
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# This allows the property to be set
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@age.setter
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def age(self, age):
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self._age = age
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# This allows the property to be deleted
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@age.deleter
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def age(self):
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del self._age
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# Instantiate a class
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i = Human(name="Ian")
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@ -556,6 +598,16 @@ j.get_species() # => "H. neanderthalensis"
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# Call the static method
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Human.grunt() # => "*grunt*"
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# Update the property
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i.age = 42
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# Get the property
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i.age # => 42
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# Delete the property
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del i.age
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i.age # => raises an AttributeError
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####################################################
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## 6. Modules
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@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ contributors:
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- ["Steven Basart", "http://github.com/xksteven"]
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- ["Andre Polykanine", "https://github.com/Oire"]
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- ["Zachary Ferguson", "http://github.com/zfergus2"]
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- ["evuez", "http://github.com/evuez"]
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filename: learnpython3.py
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---
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@ -216,6 +217,17 @@ li2 = li[:] # => li2 = [1, 2, 4, 3] but (li2 is li) will result in false.
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# Remove arbitrary elements from a list with "del"
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del li[2] # li is now [1, 2, 3]
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# Remove first occurrence of a value
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li.remove(2) # li is now [1, 3]
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li.remove(2) # Raises a ValueError as 2 is not in the list
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# Insert an element at a specific index
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li.insert(1, 2) # li is now [1, 2, 3] again
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# Get the index of the first item found
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li.index(2) # => 3
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li.index(4) # Raises a ValueError as 4 is not in the list
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# You can add lists
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# Note: values for li and for other_li are not modified.
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li + other_li # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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@ -249,6 +261,8 @@ tup[:2] # => (1, 2)
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# You can unpack tuples (or lists) into variables
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a, b, c = (1, 2, 3) # a is now 1, b is now 2 and c is now 3
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# You can also do extended unpacking
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a, *b, c = (1, 2, 3, 4) # a is now 1, b is now [2, 3] and c is now 4
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# Tuples are created by default if you leave out the parentheses
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d, e, f = 4, 5, 6
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# Now look how easy it is to swap two values
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@ -306,6 +320,11 @@ filled_dict.update({"four":4}) # => {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3, "four": 4}
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# Remove keys from a dictionary with del
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del filled_dict["one"] # Removes the key "one" from filled dict
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# From Python 3.5 you can also use the additional unpacking options
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{'a': 1, **{'b': 2}} # => {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
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{'a': 1, **{'a': 2}} # => {'a': 2}
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# Sets store ... well sets
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empty_set = set()
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@ -332,6 +351,15 @@ filled_set | other_set # => {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
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# Do set difference with -
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{1, 2, 3, 4} - {2, 3, 5} # => {1, 4}
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# Do set symmetric difference with ^
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{1, 2, 3, 4} ^ {2, 3, 5} # => {1, 4, 5}
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# Check if set on the left is a superset of set on the right
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{1, 2} >= {1, 2, 3} # => False
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# Check if set on the left is a subset of set on the right
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{1, 2} <= {1, 2, 3} # => True
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# Check for existence in a set with in
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2 in filled_set # => True
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10 in filled_set # => False
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@ -439,7 +467,7 @@ with open("myfile.txt") as f:
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filled_dict = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
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our_iterable = filled_dict.keys()
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print(our_iterable) # => range(1,10). This is an object that implements our Iterable interface
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print(our_iterable) # => dict_keys(['one', 'two', 'three']). This is an object that implements our Iterable interface.
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# We can loop over it.
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for i in our_iterable:
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@ -528,19 +556,19 @@ x, y = swap(x, y) # => x = 2, y = 1
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# Function Scope
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x = 5
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def setX(num):
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def set_x(num):
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# Local var x not the same as global variable x
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x = num # => 43
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print (x) # => 43
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def setGlobalX(num):
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def set_global_x(num):
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global x
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print (x) # => 5
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x = num # global var x is now set to 6
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print (x) # => 6
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setX(43)
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setGlobalX(6)
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set_x(43)
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set_global_x(6)
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# Python has first class functions
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@ -589,6 +617,9 @@ class Human:
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# Assign the argument to the instance's name attribute
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self.name = name
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# Initialize property
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self.age = 0
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# An instance method. All methods take "self" as the first argument
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def say(self, msg):
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return "{name}: {message}".format(name=self.name, message=msg)
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@ -604,6 +635,23 @@ class Human:
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def grunt():
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return "*grunt*"
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# A property is just like a getter.
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# It turns the method age() into an read-only attribute
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# of the same name.
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@property
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def age(self):
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return self._age
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# This allows the property to be set
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@age.setter
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def age(self, age):
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self._age = age
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# This allows the property to be deleted
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@age.deleter
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def age(self):
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del self._age
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# Instantiate a class
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i = Human(name="Ian")
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@ -623,6 +671,17 @@ j.get_species() # => "H. neanderthalensis"
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# Call the static method
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Human.grunt() # => "*grunt*"
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# Update the property
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i.age = 42
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# Get the property
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i.age # => 42
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# Delete the property
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del i.age
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i.age # => raises an AttributeError
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####################################################
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## 6. Modules
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