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Updated Datatypes
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Preetham Pemmasani
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@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ divide(1,2);
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// Declating variables
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float Num = 3.00; // Scalar floating-point data (numbers)
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color Blue; // Initializing a variable
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int _num = 3; // Integer data
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float c[3] = {0.1, 0.2, 3.14}; // Array
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@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ sum(2,3); // 5
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// 2. Shaders //
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////////////////
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// Shaders extend the functionality of a renderer with custom behavior of materials and light
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// Shaders explain the custom behavior of materials and light
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// Shader's syntax is similar to the main function in C
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// The inputs and the outputs should be initialized to default types
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shader multiply(float a = 0.0,
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@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ surface plastic
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// There are different types of shaders
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/* Surface shaders determine the basic material properties of a surface and
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/* Surface shaders determine the basic material properties of a surface and
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how it reacts to light */
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// Light shaders are a type of SURFACE shaders used for emissive objects.
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// Displacement shaders alter the geometry using position and normals.
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@ -148,49 +149,163 @@ volume multiply(float a = 0.0, float b = 0.0, output float c = 0.0){
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// Data Types
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// 1. int (Integer)
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int x = -12; // Minimum size of 32-bits
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int new2 = 0x01cf // Hexadecimal can also be specified
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// 1. The void type indicates a function that doesn't return any value
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///////////////////////////////////////
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// Order of Evaluation
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///////////////////////////////////////
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// 2. int (Integer)
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int x = -12; // Minimum size of 32-bits
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int new2 = 0x01cf; // Hexadecimal can also be specified
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// From top to bottom, top has higher precedence
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//-----------------------------------//
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// Operators //
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//-----------------------------------//
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// int++, int-- //
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// ++ int --int - ~ ! //
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// * / % //
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// + - //
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// << >> //
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// < <= > >= //
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// == != //
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// & //
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// ^ //
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// | //
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// && //
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// || //
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// ?: //
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// = += -= *= /= //
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//-----------------------------------//
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///////////////////////////////////////
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// Order of Evaluation
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///////////////////////////////////////
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// 2. float (Floating-point number)
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float A = 2.3; // minimum IEEE 32-bit float
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float Z = -4.1e2
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// From top to bottom, top has higher precedence
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//-----------------------------------//
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// Operators //
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//-----------------------------------//
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// int++, int-- //
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// ++ int --int - ~ ! //
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// * / % //
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// + - //
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// << >> //
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// < <= > >= //
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// == != //
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// & //
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// ^ //
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// | //
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// && //
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// || //
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// ?: //
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// = += -= *= /= //
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//-----------------------------------//
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// 3. float (Floating-point number)
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float A = 2.3; // minimum IEEE 32-bit float
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float Z = -4.1e2;
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// Order of evaluation is similar to int.
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// Operations like ( ~ ! % << >> ^ | & && || ) aren't available in float
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// 4. string
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// The syntax is similar to C
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string new = "Hello World";
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// some Special characters:
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/*
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'\"'; // double quote
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'\n'; // newline character
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'\t'; // tab character (left justifies text)
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'\v'; // vertical tab
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'\\'; // back slash
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'\r'; // carriage return
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'\b'; // backspace character
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*/
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// Strings are concatenated with whitespace
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"Hello " "world!"; // "Hello world!"
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// concat function can also be used
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string concat ("Hello ","World!");
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// printf function is same as C
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int i = 18
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printf("I am %d years old",i);
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// String functions can alse be used
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int strlen (string s) // gives the length of the string
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int startswith (string s, "the") // gives 1 if string starts with suffix
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int endswith (string s, "the") // gives 1 if string ends with suffix
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// 5. color (Red, Green, Blue)
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color p = color(0,0,0); // black
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color q = color(1); // white ( same as color(1,1,1) )
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color r = color("rgb", 0.23, 0.1, 0.8); // explicitly specify in RGB
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color s = color("hsv", 0.23, 0.1, 0.8); // specify in HSV
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// HSV stands for (Hue, Saturation, Luminance)
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// HSL stands for (Hue, Saturation, Lightness)
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// YIQ, XYZ and xyY formats can also be used
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// We can also access the indivudual values of (R,G,B)
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float Red = p[0]; // access the red component
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float Green = p[1]; // access the green component
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float Blue = p[2]; // access the blue component
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// They can also be accessed like this
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float Red = p.r; // access the red component
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float Green = p.g; // access the green component
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float Blue = p.b; // access the blue component
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// Math operators work like this with decreasing precedence
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color C = (3,2,3) * (1,0,0); // (3, 0, 0)
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color D = (1,1,1) * 255; // (255, 255, 255)
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color E = (25,5,125) / 5; // (5, 1, 25)
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color F = (30,40,50) / (3,4,5); // (10, 10, 10)
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color A = (1,2,3) + (1,0,0); // (2, 2, 3)
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color B = (1,2,3) - (1,0,0); // (0, 2, 3)
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// Operators like ( - == != ) are also used
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// Color Functions
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color blackbody (float 1500) // Gives color based on temperature
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float luminance (color A) // gives luminance as 0.2126R+0.7152G+0.0722B
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color wavelength color (float 700) // Gives color based on wavelength
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color transformc ("hsl", "rgb") //converts rgb to hsl and etc
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// 6. point (x,y,z) is position of a point in the 3D space
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// 7. vector (x,y,z) has length and direction but no position
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// 8. normal (x,y,z) is a special vector perpendicular to a surface
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L = point(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
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M = vector(1, 1, 1);
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N = normal(0, 0, 1);
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// These 3 types can be assigned to a coordinate system
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L = point("object", 0.5, 0.5, 0.5); // relative to local space
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M = vector("common", 0.5, 0.5, 0.5); // relative to world space
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// There's also ("shader", "world", "camera", "screen", "raster", "NDC")
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float x = L[0]; // access the x-component
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float y = L[1]; // access the y-component
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float z = L[2]; // access the z-component
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// They can also be accessed like this
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float x = M.x; // access the x-component
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float y = M.y; // access the y-component
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float z = M.z; // access the z-component
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// Operators are the same as color and have the same precedence
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// 9. matrix
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// Used for transforming vectors between different coordinate systems.
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// They are usually 4x4 (or) 16 floats
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matrix zero = 0; // makes a 4x4 zero matrix
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matrix ident = 1; // makes a 4x4 identity matrix
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matrix m = 7; // Maked a 4x4 scalar matrix with scaling factor of 7
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float x = m[1][1]; // 7
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// matrices can be constructed using floats in row-major order
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matrix new = matrix (m00, m01, m02, m03, m10, m11, m12, m13,
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m20, m21, m22, m23, m30, m31, m32, m33);
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// 10. array
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// Arrays in OSL are similar to C
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float a[5]; // initialize array a with size 5
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int b[3] = {90,80,70}; // declare array with size 3
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int len = arraylength(b); // 3
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int f = b[1]; // 80
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float anotherarray[3] = b; // arrays can be copied if same type
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// 11. struct (Structures)
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// Structures in OSL are similar to C and C++.
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struct RGBA { // Defining a structure
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color rgb;
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float alpha;
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};
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RGBA col; // Declare a structure
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RGBA b = { color(.1,.2,.3), 1 }; // Can also be declared like this
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r.rgb = color (1, 0, 0); // Assign to one field
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color c = r.rgb; // Read from a structure field
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// Order of evaluation is similar to int.
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// Operations like ( ~ ! % << >> ^ | & && || ) aren't available in float
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// 3. color (Red, Green, Blue)
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color p = color(0,0,0) // black
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color q = color(1) // white ( same as color(1,1,1) )
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color r = color("rgb", 0.23, 0.1, 0.8) // explicitly specify in RGB
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color s = color("hsv", 0.23, 0.1, 0.8) // specify in HSV
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// HSV stands for (Hue, Saturation, Luminance)
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// HSL stands for (Hue, Saturation, Lightness)
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// YIQ, XYZ and xyY formats can also be used
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// Global Variables
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// Contains info that the renderer knows
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