Added clearer description of Optionals and Unwrapping. Minor typo changes as well.

This commit is contained in:
Clayton Walker 2015-10-06 23:36:32 -04:00
parent 5dac348b72
commit ad16a31c07

View File

@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ let piText = "Pi = \(π), Pi 2 = \(π * 2)" // String interpolation
print("Build value: \(buildValue)") // Build value: 7
/*
Optionals are a Swift language feature that allows you to store a `Some` or
`None` value.
Optionals are a Swift language feature that either contains a value,
or contains nil (no value) to indicate that a value is missing.
A question mark (?) after the type marks the value as optional.
Because Swift requires every property to have a value, even nil must be
explicitly stored as an Optional value.
@ -75,11 +76,17 @@ if someOptionalString != nil {
if someOptionalString!.hasPrefix("opt") {
print("has the prefix")
}
let empty = someOptionalString?.isEmpty
}
someOptionalString = nil
/*
To get the underlying type from an optional, you unwrap it using the
force unwrap operator (!). Only use the unwrap operator if you're sure
the underlying value isn't nil.
*/
// implicitly unwrapped optional
var unwrappedString: String! = "Value is expected."
// same as above, but ! is a postfix operator (more syntax candy)
@ -94,13 +101,13 @@ if let someOptionalStringConstant = someOptionalString {
// Swift has support for storing a value of any type.
// AnyObject == id
// Unlike Objective-C `id`, AnyObject works with any value (Class, Int, struct, etc)
// Unlike Objective-C `id`, AnyObject works with any value (Class, Int, struct, etc.)
var anyObjectVar: AnyObject = 7
anyObjectVar = "Changed value to a string, not good practice, but possible."
/*
Comment here
/*
Nested comments are also supported
*/
@ -296,10 +303,10 @@ print(numbers) // [3, 6, 18]
// MARK: Structures
//
// Structures and classes have very similar capabilites
// Structures and classes have very similar capabilities
struct NamesTable {
let names = [String]()
// Custom subscript
subscript(index: Int) -> String {
return names[index]
@ -330,7 +337,7 @@ public class Shape {
internal class Rect: Shape {
var sideLength: Int = 1
// Custom getter and setter property
private var perimeter: Int {
get {
@ -341,11 +348,11 @@ internal class Rect: Shape {
sideLength = newValue / 4
}
}
// Lazily load a property
// subShape remains nil (uninitialized) until getter called
lazy var subShape = Rect(sideLength: 4)
// If you don't need a custom getter and setter,
// but still want to run code before and after getting or setting
// a property, you can use `willSet` and `didSet`
@ -355,19 +362,19 @@ internal class Rect: Shape {
print(someIdentifier)
}
}
init(sideLength: Int) {
self.sideLength = sideLength
// always super.init last when init custom properties
super.init()
}
func shrink() {
if sideLength > 0 {
--sideLength
}
}
override func getArea() -> Int {
return sideLength * sideLength
}
@ -399,13 +406,13 @@ class Circle: Shape {
override func getArea() -> Int {
return 3 * radius * radius
}
// Place a question mark postfix after `init` is an optional init
// which can return nil
init?(radius: Int) {
self.radius = radius
super.init()
if radius <= 0 {
return nil
}
@ -459,7 +466,7 @@ enum Furniture {
case Desk(height: Int)
// Associate with String and Int
case Chair(String, Int)
func description() -> String {
switch self {
case .Desk(let height):
@ -498,7 +505,7 @@ protocol ShapeGenerator {
class MyShape: Rect {
var delegate: TransformShape?
func grow() {
sideLength += 2
@ -533,7 +540,7 @@ extension Int {
var customProperty: String {
return "This is \(self)"
}
func multiplyBy(num: Int) -> Int {
return num * self
}