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JasonJAyalaP 2014-09-19 20:14:51 -05:00
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commit b87f1acc21
1 changed files with 17 additions and 14 deletions
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@ -12,28 +12,27 @@ efficiency.
Nim is efficient, expressive, and elegant. Nim is efficient, expressive, and elegant.
```nimrod ```nimrod
var # Declare and assign several variables, var # Declare and assign several variables,
letter: char = 'n' # with or without type annotations letter: char = 'n' # with or without type annotations
lang = "Nimrod" lang = "N" & "im"
n_let : int = len(lang)
boat: float boat: float
truth: bool = false truth: bool = false
seconds: int = 42
let # Use let to declare and bind an variable *once*. let # Use let to declare and bind an variable *once*.
legs = 400 # legs is immutable. legs = 400 # legs is immutable.
arms = 2_000 # _ are ignored and are useful for long numbers. arms = 2_000 # _ are ignored and are useful for long numbers.
aboutPi = 3.15
const # Constants are computed at compile time. This provides const # Constants are computed at compile time. This provides
debug = true # performance and is useful in compile time expressions. debug = true # performance and is useful in compile time expressions.
aboutPi = 3.15
compileBadCode = false compileBadCode = false
when compileBadCode: # `when` is a compile time `if` when compileBadCode: # `when` is a compile time `if`
legs = legs + 1 # This error will never be compiled. legs = legs + 1 # This error will never be compiled.
const input = readline(stdin) # const values must be known at compile time. const input = readline(stdin) # Const values must be known at compile time.
discard 1 > 2 # The compiler will complain if the result of an expression discard 1 > 2 # Note: The compiler will complain if the result of an expression
# is unused. `discard` bypasses this. # is unused. `discard` bypasses this.
discard """ discard """
@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ var
drinks = @["Water", "Juice", "Chocolate"] # @[V1,..,Vn] is the sequence literal drinks = @["Water", "Juice", "Chocolate"] # @[V1,..,Vn] is the sequence literal
# #
# Defining Your Own Types # Defining Types
# #
# Defining your own types puts the compiler to work for you. It's what makes # Defining your own types puts the compiler to work for you. It's what makes
@ -73,13 +72,13 @@ type
Name = string # A type alias gives you a new type that is interchangable Name = string # A type alias gives you a new type that is interchangable
Age = int # with the old type but is more descriptive. Age = int # with the old type but is more descriptive.
Person = tuple[name: Name, age: Age] # Define data structures too. Person = tuple[name: Name, age: Age] # Define data structures too.
LongTuple = tuple AnotherSyntax = tuple
fieldOne: string fieldOne: string
secondField: int secondField: int
var var
john: Person = ("John B.", 17) john: Person = (name: "John B.", age: 17)
newage: int = 18 # It would be better to use Age than int newage: int = 18 # It would be better to use Age than int
john.age = newage # But still works because int and Age are synonyms john.age = newage # But still works because int and Age are synonyms
@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ of "yes", "Yes":
else: else:
echo "That's great; I assume." echo "That's great; I assume."
# `while`, `if`, `break` # `while`, `if`, `continue`, `break`
import strutils as str # http://nimrod-lang.org/strutils.html import strutils as str # http://nimrod-lang.org/strutils.html
echo "I'm thinking of a number between 41 and 43. Guess which!" echo "I'm thinking of a number between 41 and 43. Guess which!"
@ -176,6 +175,7 @@ var
guess: int guess: int
while guess != number: while guess != number:
raw_guess = readLine(stdin) raw_guess = readLine(stdin)
if raw_guess = "": continue # Skip this iteration
guess = str.parseInt(raw_guess) guess = str.parseInt(raw_guess)
if guess == 1001: if guess == 1001:
echo("AAAAAAGGG!") echo("AAAAAAGGG!")
@ -207,8 +207,8 @@ for line in splitLines(myString):
echo(line) echo(line)
for i, c in myString: # Index and letter. Or `for j in` for just letter for i, c in myString: # Index and letter. Or `for j in` for just letter
if i mod 2 == 0: continue # Skip rest of iteration if i mod 2 == 0: continue # Compact `if` form
elif c == 'X': break # Compact `if` form elif c == 'X': break
else: echo(c) else: echo(c)
# #
@ -240,6 +240,10 @@ of aNo:
addSugar() addSugar()
# No need for an `else` here. Only `yes` and `no` are possible. # No need for an `else` here. Only `yes` and `no` are possible.
proc pluralize(a: int): string =
if a > 1 or a == 0: return "s"
else: return ""
# #
# FFI # FFI
# #
@ -249,7 +253,6 @@ of aNo:
proc strcmp(a, b: cstring): cint {.importc: "strcmp", nodecl.} proc strcmp(a, b: cstring): cint {.importc: "strcmp", nodecl.}
var cmp = strcmp("C?", "Easy!") var cmp = strcmp("C?", "Easy!")
``` ```
Additionally, Nim separates itself from its peers with metaprogramming, Additionally, Nim separates itself from its peers with metaprogramming,