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@ -110,9 +110,10 @@ except NameError:
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print "Raises a name error"
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# if can be used as an expression
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some_var = a if a > b else b
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# If a is greater than b, then a is assigned to some_var.
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# Otherwise b is assigned to some_var.
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some_other_var = 20
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some_var = 10 if some_var > 10 else some_other_var
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# If some_var is greater than 10, then 10 is assigned to some_var.
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# Otherwise some_other_var is assigned to some_var.
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# Lists store sequences
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li = []
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@ -207,7 +208,10 @@ filled_dict.values() #=> [3, 2, 1]
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1 in filled_dict #=> False
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# Trying to look up a non-existing key will raise a KeyError
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filled_dict["four"] #=> KeyError
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try:
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filled_dict["four"] #=> KeyError
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except KeyError:
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print "Looking up non-existing key raises KeyError"
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# Use get method to avoid the KeyError
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filled_dict.get("one") #=> 1
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@ -234,7 +238,7 @@ filled_set = {1, 2, 2, 3, 4} # => {1 2 3 4}
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filled_set.add(5) # filled_set is now {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
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# Do set intersection with &
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other_set = set{3, 4, 5, 6}
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other_set = set([3, 4, 5, 6])
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filled_set & other_set #=> {3, 4, 5}
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# Do set union with |
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@ -348,9 +352,9 @@ all_the_args(1, 2, a=3, b=4) prints:
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# You can also use * and ** when calling a function
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args = (1, 2, 3, 4)
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kwargs = {"a": 3, "b": 4}
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foo(*args) # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
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foo(**kwargs) # equivalent to foo(a=3, b=4)
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foo(*args, **kwargs) # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
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all_the_args(*args) # equivalent to all_the_args(1, 2, 3, 4)
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all_the_args(**kwargs) # equivalent to all_the_args(a=3, b=4)
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all_the_args(*args, **kwargs) # equivalent to all_the_args(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
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# Python has first class functions
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def create_adder(x):
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