Added vim.html.markdown (#1744)

2024-12-23 09:41:36 +00:00 · 2016-04-28 12:36:35 +05:30 · 2016-04-28 12:36:35 +05:30 · bd7a53043f
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+---
+category: tool
+tool: vim
+contributors:
+    - ["RadhikaG", "https://github.com/RadhikaG"]
+filename: LearnVim.txt
+---
+
+
+[Vim](www.vim.org)
+(Vi IMproved) is a clone of the popular vi editor for Unix. It is a a text 
+editor designed for speed and increased productivity, and is ubiquitous in most 
+unix-based systems. It has numerous keybindings for speedy navigation to 
+specific points in the file, and for fast editing.
+
+## Basics of navigating Vim
+
+```
+    vim <filename>   # Open <filename> in vim
+    :q               # Quit vim
+    :w               # Save current file
+    :wq              # Save file and quit vim 
+    :q!              # Quit vim without saving file
+                     # ! *forces* :q to execute, hence quiting vim without saving
+    :x               # Save file and quit vim, shorter version of :wq
+
+    u                # Undo
+    CTRL+R           # Redo
+
+    h                # Move left one character
+    j                # Move down one line
+    k                # Move up one line
+    l                # Move right one character
+
+    # Moving within the line
+
+    0                # Move to beginning of line
+    $                # Move to end of line
+    ^                # Move to first non-blank character in line
+
+    # Searching in the text
+
+    /word            # Highlights all occurences of word after cursor
+    ?word            # Highlights all occurences of word before cursor
+    n                # Moves cursor to next occurence of word after search
+    N                # Moves cursor to previous occerence of word
+
+    :%s/foo/bar/g    # Change 'foo' to 'bar' on every line in the file
+    :s/foo/bar/g     # Change 'foo' to 'bar' on the current line
+
+    # Jumping to characters
+
+    f<character>     # Jump forward and land on <character>
+    t<character>     # Jump forward and land right before <character> 
+
+    # For example,    
+    f<               # Jump forward and land on <
+    t<               # Jump forward and land right before <
+    
+    # Moving by word
+
+    w                # Move forward by one word
+    b                # Move back by one word
+    e                # Move to end of current word
+
+    # Other characters for moving around
+
+    gg               # Go to the top of the file
+    G                # Go to the bottom of the file
+    :NUM             # Go to line number NUM (NUM is any number)
+    H                # Move to the top of the screen
+    M                # Move to the middle of the screen
+    L                # Move to the bottom of the screen
+```
+
+## Modes:
+
+Vim is based on the concept on **modes**.
+
+Command Mode - vim starts up in this mode, used to navigate and write commands  
+Insert Mode  - used to make changes in your file  
+Visual Mode  - used to highlight text and do operations to them  
+Ex Mode      - used to drop down to the bottom with the ':' prompt to enter commands
+
+```
+    i                # Puts vim into insert mode, before the cursor position
+    a                # Puts vim into insert mode, after the cursor position
+    v                # Puts vim into visual mode    
+    :                # Puts vim into ex mode
+    <esc>            # 'Escapes' from whichever mode you're in, into Command mode
+
+    # Copying and pasting text
+
+    y                # Yank whatever is selected
+    yy               # Yank the current line
+    d                # Delete whatever is selected
+    dd               # Delete the current line
+    p                # Paste the copied text after the current cursor position
+    P                # Paste the copied text before the current cursor position
+    x                # Deleting character under current cursor position
+```
+
+## The 'Grammar' of vim
+
+Vim can be thought of as a set of commands in a 
+'Verb-Modifier-Noun' format, where:
+
+Verb     - your action  
+Modifier - how you're doing your action  
+Noun     - the object on which your action acts on
+
+A few important examples of 'Verbs, 'Modifiers', and 'Nouns':
+
+```
+    # 'Verbs'
+    
+    d                # Delete
+    c                # Change
+    y                # Yank (copy)
+    v                # Visually select
+
+    # 'Modifiers'
+
+    i                # Inside
+    a                # Around
+    NUM              # Number (NUM is any number)
+    f                # Searches for something and lands on it
+    t                # Searches for something and stops before it
+    /                # Finds a string from cursor onwards
+    ?                # Finds a string before cursor
+
+    # 'Nouns'
+
+    w                # Word
+    s                # Sentence
+    p                # Paragraph
+    b                # Block
+    
+    # Sample 'sentences' or commands
+
+    d2w              # Delete 2 words
+    cis              # Change inside sentence
+    yip              # Yank inside paragraph (copy the para you're in)
+    ct<              # Change to open bracket
+                     # Change the text from where you are to the next open bracket
+    d$               # Delete till end of line
+```
+
+## Some shortcuts and tricks
+
+        <!--TODO: Add more!-->
+```
+    >                # Indent selection by one block
+    <                # Dedent selection by one block
+    :earlier 15m     # Reverts the document back to how it was 15 minutes ago
+    :later 15m       # Reverse above command
+    ddp              # Swap position of consecutive lines, dd then p
+    .                # Repeat previous action
+```
+
+## Macros
+
+Macros are basically recordable actions.
+When you start recording a macro, it records **every** action and command
+you use, until you stop recording. On invoking a macro, it applies the exact
+same sequence of actions and commands again on the text selection.
+
+```
+    qa               # Start recording a macro named 'a'
+    q                # Stop recording
+    @a               # Play back the macro
+```
+
+### Configuring ~/.vimrc
+
+The .vimrc file can be used to configure Vim on startup.
+
+Here's a sample ~/.vimrc file:
+
+```
+" Example ~/.vimrc
+" 2015.10 
+
+" Required for vim to be iMproved
+set nocompatible
+
+" Determines filetype from name to allow intelligent auto-indenting, etc.
+filetype indent plugin on
+
+" Enable syntax highlighting
+syntax on
+
+" Better command-line completion
+set wildmenu
+
+" Use case insensitive search except when using capital letters
+set ignorecase
+set smartcase
+
+" When opening a new line and no file-specific indenting is enabled,
+" keep same indent as the line you're currently on
+set autoindent
+
+" Display line numbers on the left
+set number
+
+" Indentation options, change according to personal preference
+
+" Number of visual spaces per TAB
+set tabstop=4
+
+" Number of spaces in TAB when editing
+set softtabstop=4
+
+" Number of spaces indented when reindent operations (>> and <<) are used
+set shiftwidth=4
+
+" Convert TABs to spaces
+set expandtab
+
+" Enable intelligent tabbing and spacing for indentation and alignment
+set smarttab
+```
+
+### References
+
+[Vim | Home](http://www.vim.org/index.php)
+
+`$ vimtutor`
+
+[A vim Tutorial and Primer](https://danielmiessler.com/study/vim/)
+
+[What are the dark corners of Vim your mom never told you about? (Stack Overflow thread)](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/726894/what-are-the-dark-corners-of-vim-your-mom-never-told-you-about)
+
+[Arch Linux Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Vim)