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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Elixir 是一门构建在Elang VM 之上的函数式编程语言。Elixir 完全
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# 原子(Atoms),以 `:`开头
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:hello # atom
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# Tuples that are stored contiguously in memory.
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# 元组(Tuple) 在内存中的存储是连续的
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{1,2,3} # tuple
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# 使用`elem`函数访问元组(tuple)里的元素:
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@ -50,10 +50,9 @@ tail #=> [2,3]
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# 在elixir,就像在Erlang, `=` 表示模式匹配 (pattern matching)
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# 不是赋值。
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#
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# This means that the left-hand side (pattern) is matched against a
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# right-hand side.
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# 这表示会用左边的模式(pattern)匹配右侧
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#
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# This is how the above example of accessing the head and tail of a list works.
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# 这是上面的例子中访问列列表的头部和尾部的就是这样工作的。
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# 当左右两边不匹配时,会返回error, 在这个
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# 例子中,元组大小不一样。
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@ -137,8 +136,8 @@ nil && 20 #=> nil
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# 总的排序顺序定义如下:
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# number < atom < reference < functions < port < pid < tuple < list < bit string
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# To quote Joe Armstrong on this: "The actual order is not important,
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# but that a total ordering is well defined is important."
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# 引用Joe Armstrong :”实际的顺序并不重要,
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# 但是,一个整体排序是否经明确界定是非常重要的“。
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## ---------------------------
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## -- 控制结构(Control Flow)
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@ -158,9 +157,9 @@ else
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"This will"
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end
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# Remember pattern matching? Many control-flow structures in elixir rely on it.
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# 在Elixir中,很多控制结构都依赖于模式匹配
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# `case` allows us to compare a value against many patterns:
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# `case` 允许我们把一个值与多种模式进行比较:
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case {:one, :two} do
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{:four, :five} ->
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"This won't match"
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@ -179,8 +178,8 @@ head #=> 1
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[head | _tail] = [:a, :b, :c]
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head #=> :a
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# `cond` lets us check for many conditions at the same time.
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# Use `cond` instead of nesting many `if` expressions.
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# `cond` 可以检测多种不同的分支
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# 使用 `cond` 代替多个`if` 表达式嵌套
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cond do
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1 + 1 == 3 ->
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"I will never be seen"
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@ -190,7 +189,7 @@ cond do
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"But I will"
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end
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# It is common to see a last condition equal to `true`, which will always match.
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# 经常可以看到最后一个条件等于'true',这将总是匹配。
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cond do
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1 + 1 == 3 ->
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"I will never be seen"
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@ -200,8 +199,9 @@ cond do
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"But I will (this is essentially an else)"
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end
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# `try/catch` is used to catch values that are thrown, it also supports an
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# `after` clause that is invoked whether or not a value is catched.
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# `try/catch` 用于捕获被抛出的值, 它也支持 `after` 子句,
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# 无论是否值被捕获,after 子句都会被调用
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# `try/catch`
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try do
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throw(:hello)
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catch
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@ -220,9 +220,10 @@ end
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square = fn(x) -> x * x end
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square.(5) #=> 25
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# They also accept many clauses and guards.
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# Guards let you fine tune pattern matching,
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# they are indicated by the `when` keyword:
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# 也支持接收多个子句和卫士(guards).
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# Guards可以进行模式匹配
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# Guards只有`when` 关键字指明:
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f = fn
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x, y when x > 0 -> x + y
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x, y -> x * y
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@ -313,8 +314,7 @@ end
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## -- 记录和异常(Records and Exceptions)
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## ---------------------------
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# Records are basically structures that allow you to associate a name with
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# a particular value.
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# 记录就是把特定值关联到某个名字的结构体
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defrecord Person, name: nil, age: 0, height: 0
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joe_info = Person.new(name: "Joe", age: 30, height: 180)
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