Merged emarref's changes

This commit is contained in:
Adam 2013-06-27 18:10:45 -07:00
commit dd3b8b3436

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@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ $integer = 0123; // octal number (equivalent to 83 decimal)
$integer = 0x1A; // hexadecimal number (equivalent to 26 decimal)
// Floats (aka doubles)
$float = 1.234;
$float = 1.2e3;
$float = 1.234;
$float = 1.2e3;
$float = 7E-10;
// Arithmetic
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ $sgl_quotes
END; // Nowdoc syntax is available in PHP 5.3.0
// Manipulation
$concatenated = $sgl_quotes + $dbl_quotes;
$concatenated = $sgl_quotes . $dbl_quotes;
```
### Compound
@ -119,6 +119,8 @@ print('Hello World!'); // The same as echo
// echo is actually a language construct, so you can drop the parentheses.
echo 'Hello World!';
print 'Hello World!'; // So is print
echo 100;
echo $variable;
echo function_result();
@ -135,12 +137,12 @@ echo function_result();
```php
<?php
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
$a = $b; // A now contains the same value sa $b
$a =& $b;
// A now contains a reference to $b. Changing the value of
// $a will change the value of $b also, and vice-versa.
$x = 1;
$y = 2;
$x = $y; // A now contains the same value sa $y
$x = &$y;
// $x now contains a reference to $y. Changing the value of
// $x will change the value of $y also, and vice-versa.
```
### Comparison
@ -148,15 +150,20 @@ $a =& $b;
```php
<?php
// These comparisons will always be true, even if the types aren't the same.
$a == $b // TRUE if $a is equal to $b after type juggling.
$a === $b // TRUE if $a is equal to $b, and they are of the same type.
$a != $b // TRUE if $a is not equal to $b after type juggling.
$a <> $b // TRUE if $a is not equal to $b after type juggling.
$a !== $b // TRUE if $a is not equal to $b, or they are not of the same type.
$a < $b // TRUE if $a is strictly less than $b.
$a > $b // TRUE if $a is strictly greater than $b.
$a <= $b // TRUE if $a is less than or equal to $b.
$a >= $b // TRUE if $a is greater than or equal to $b.
// The following will only be true the values match and they are the same type.
$a === $b // TRUE if $a is equal to $b, and they are of the same type.
$a !== $b // TRUE if $a is not equal to $b, or they are not of the same type.
1 == '1' // TRUE
1 === '1' // FALSE
```
## [Type Juggling](http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.type-juggling.php)
@ -176,7 +183,11 @@ echo $string + $string;
$string = 'one';
echo $string + $string;
// Outputs 0 because the + operator cannot cast the string 'one' to a number
```
Type casting can be used to treat a variable as another type temporarily by using cast operators in parentheses.
```php
$boolean = (boolean) $integer; // $boolean is true
$zero = 0;
@ -222,9 +233,9 @@ if (/* test */) {
?>
<?php if (/* test */): ?>
<!-- Do something that isn't PHP -->
This is displayed if the test is truthy.
<?php else: ?>
<!-- Do something default -->
This is displayed otherwise.
<?php endif; ?>
```
@ -278,7 +289,6 @@ while ($i < 5) {
if ($i == 3) {
break; // Exit out of the while loop and continue.
}
echo $i++;
}
@ -288,7 +298,6 @@ while ($i < 5) {
if ($i == 3) {
continue; // Skip this iteration of the loop
}
echo $i++;
}
```
@ -338,6 +347,23 @@ function outer_function ($arg_1 = null) { // $arg_1 is optional
// inner_function() does not exist and cannot be called until outer_function() is called
```
This enables [currying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying) in PHP.
```php
function foo ($x, $y, $z) {
echo "$x - $y - $z";
}
function bar ($x, $y) {
return function ($z) use ($x, $y) {
foo($x, $y, $z);
};
}
$bar = bar('A', 'B');
$bar('C');
```
### [Variable](http://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.variable-functions.php)
```php
@ -355,7 +381,11 @@ Similar to variable functions, functions may be anonymous.
```php
<?php
my_function(function () {
function my_function($callback) {
$callback('My argument');
}
my_function(function ($my_argument) {
// do something
});
@ -395,13 +425,11 @@ methods if they belong to a class.
class MyClass {
function myFunction() {
}
function function youCannotOverrideMe()
{
final function youCannotOverrideMe() {
}
public static function myStaticMethod()
{
public static function myStaticMethod() {
}
}
@ -421,12 +449,12 @@ PHP offers some [magic methods](http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic
class MyClass {
private $property;
public function __get($key)
{
return $this->$key;
}
public function __set($key, $value)
{
$this->$key = $value;
@ -438,7 +466,8 @@ echo $x->property; // Will use the __get() method
$x->property = 'Something'; // Will use the __set() method
```
Classes can be abstract (using the ```abstract``` keyword), extend other classes (using the ```extends``` keyword) and implement interfaces (using the ```implements``` keyword). An interface is declared with the ```interface``` keyword.
Classes can be abstract (using the ```abstract``` keyword), extend other classes (using the ```extends``` keyword) and
implement interfaces (using the ```implements``` keyword). An interface is declared with the ```interface``` keyword.
```php
<?php