Move section about containers its logical place

Probably it was its original place, just after templates are introduced,
and before first usage of container types.
This commit is contained in:
Gergely Máté 2019-01-04 13:23:05 +01:00
parent d08c4a7f79
commit e2ada2dc91

View File

@ -809,7 +809,103 @@ void doSomethingWithAFile(const std::string& filename)
// all automatically destroy their contents when they fall out of scope. // all automatically destroy their contents when they fall out of scope.
// - Mutexes using lock_guard and unique_lock // - Mutexes using lock_guard and unique_lock
// containers with object keys of non-primitive values (custom classes) require
/////////////////////
// Containers
/////////////////////
// Containers or the Standard Template Library are some predefined templates.
// They manage the storage space for its elements and provide
// member functions to access and manipulate them.
// Few containers are as follows:
// Vector (Dynamic array)
// Allow us to Define the Array or list of objects at run time
#include <vector>
string val;
vector<string> my_vector; // initialize the vector
cin >> val;
my_vector.push_back(val); // will push the value of 'val' into vector ("array") my_vector
my_vector.push_back(val); // will push the value into the vector again (now having two elements)
// To iterate through a vector we have 2 choices:
// Either classic looping (iterating through the vector from index 0 to its last index):
for (int i = 0; i < my_vector.size(); i++) {
cout << my_vector[i] << endl; // for accessing a vector's element we can use the operator []
}
// or using an iterator:
vector<string>::iterator it; // initialize the iterator for vector
for (it = my_vector.begin(); it != my_vector.end(); ++it) {
cout << *it << endl;
}
// Set
// Sets are containers that store unique elements following a specific order.
// Set is a very useful container to store unique values in sorted order
// without any other functions or code.
#include<set>
set<int> ST; // Will initialize the set of int data type
ST.insert(30); // Will insert the value 30 in set ST
ST.insert(10); // Will insert the value 10 in set ST
ST.insert(20); // Will insert the value 20 in set ST
ST.insert(30); // Will insert the value 30 in set ST
// Now elements of sets are as follows
// 10 20 30
// To erase an element
ST.erase(20); // Will erase element with value 20
// Set ST: 10 30
// To iterate through Set we use iterators
set<int>::iterator it;
for(it=ST.begin();it<ST.end();it++) {
cout << *it << endl;
}
// Output:
// 10
// 30
// To clear the complete container we use Container_name.clear()
ST.clear();
cout << ST.size(); // will print the size of set ST
// Output: 0
// NOTE: for duplicate elements we can use multiset
// NOTE: For hash sets, use unordered_set. They are more efficient but
// do not preserve order. unordered_set is available since C++11
// Map
// Maps store elements formed by a combination of a key value
// and a mapped value, following a specific order.
#include<map>
map<char, int> mymap; // Will initialize the map with key as char and value as int
mymap.insert(pair<char,int>('A',1));
// Will insert value 1 for key A
mymap.insert(pair<char,int>('Z',26));
// Will insert value 26 for key Z
// To iterate
map<char,int>::iterator it;
for (it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it)
std::cout << it->first << "->" << it->second << '\n';
// Output:
// A->1
// Z->26
// To find the value corresponding to a key
it = mymap.find('Z');
cout << it->second;
// Output: 26
// NOTE: For hash maps, use unordered_map. They are more efficient but do
// not preserve order. unordered_map is available since C++11.
// Containers with object keys of non-primitive values (custom classes) require
// compare function in the object itself or as a function pointer. Primitives // compare function in the object itself or as a function pointer. Primitives
// have default comparators, but you can override it. // have default comparators, but you can override it.
class Foo { class Foo {
@ -828,6 +924,7 @@ std::map<Foo, int, compareFunction> fooMap;
fooMap[Foo(1)] = 1; fooMap[Foo(1)] = 1;
fooMap.find(Foo(1)); //true fooMap.find(Foo(1)); //true
/////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////
// Lambda Expressions (C++11 and above) // Lambda Expressions (C++11 and above)
/////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////
@ -994,101 +1091,6 @@ cout << get<3>(concatenated_tuple) << "\n"; // prints: 15
cout << get<5>(concatenated_tuple) << "\n"; // prints: 'A' cout << get<5>(concatenated_tuple) << "\n"; // prints: 'A'
/////////////////////
// Containers
/////////////////////
// Containers or the Standard Template Library are some predefined templates.
// They manage the storage space for its elements and provide
// member functions to access and manipulate them.
// Few containers are as follows:
// Vector (Dynamic array)
// Allow us to Define the Array or list of objects at run time
#include <vector>
string val;
vector<string> my_vector; // initialize the vector
cin >> val;
my_vector.push_back(val); // will push the value of 'val' into vector ("array") my_vector
my_vector.push_back(val); // will push the value into the vector again (now having two elements)
// To iterate through a vector we have 2 choices:
// Either classic looping (iterating through the vector from index 0 to its last index):
for (int i = 0; i < my_vector.size(); i++) {
cout << my_vector[i] << endl; // for accessing a vector's element we can use the operator []
}
// or using an iterator:
vector<string>::iterator it; // initialize the iterator for vector
for (it = my_vector.begin(); it != my_vector.end(); ++it) {
cout << *it << endl;
}
// Set
// Sets are containers that store unique elements following a specific order.
// Set is a very useful container to store unique values in sorted order
// without any other functions or code.
#include<set>
set<int> ST; // Will initialize the set of int data type
ST.insert(30); // Will insert the value 30 in set ST
ST.insert(10); // Will insert the value 10 in set ST
ST.insert(20); // Will insert the value 20 in set ST
ST.insert(30); // Will insert the value 30 in set ST
// Now elements of sets are as follows
// 10 20 30
// To erase an element
ST.erase(20); // Will erase element with value 20
// Set ST: 10 30
// To iterate through Set we use iterators
set<int>::iterator it;
for(it=ST.begin();it<ST.end();it++) {
cout << *it << endl;
}
// Output:
// 10
// 30
// To clear the complete container we use Container_name.clear()
ST.clear();
cout << ST.size(); // will print the size of set ST
// Output: 0
// NOTE: for duplicate elements we can use multiset
// NOTE: For hash sets, use unordered_set. They are more efficient but
// do not preserve order. unordered_set is available since C++11
// Map
// Maps store elements formed by a combination of a key value
// and a mapped value, following a specific order.
#include<map>
map<char, int> mymap; // Will initialize the map with key as char and value as int
mymap.insert(pair<char,int>('A',1));
// Will insert value 1 for key A
mymap.insert(pair<char,int>('Z',26));
// Will insert value 26 for key Z
// To iterate
map<char,int>::iterator it;
for (it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it)
std::cout << it->first << "->" << it->second << '\n';
// Output:
// A->1
// Z->26
// To find the value corresponding to a key
it = mymap.find('Z');
cout << it->second;
// Output: 26
// NOTE: For hash maps, use unordered_map. They are more efficient but do
// not preserve order. unordered_map is available since C++11.
/////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////
// Logical and Bitwise operators // Logical and Bitwise operators
////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////