[Fortran/en] [Fortran/zh-cn] Format the code, introduce the latest standard Fortran 2023 (#4814)

* Fortran: format code style and improve description

* Fortran: rename filenames, update Chinese version
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3 changed files with 620 additions and 607 deletions

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@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ Translation"). Despite its age, it is still used for high-performance computing
such as weather prediction. However, the language has changed considerably over
the years, although mostly maintaining backwards compatibility; well known
versions are FORTRAN 77, Fortran 90, Fortran 95, Fortran 2003, Fortran 2008,
Fortran 2015, and Fortran 2018.
Fortran 2018 and Fortran 2023.
This overview will discuss the features of Fortran 95 since it is the most
This overview will discuss the features of Fortran 2008 since it is the most
widely implemented of the more recent specifications and the later versions are
largely similar (by comparison FORTRAN 77 is a very different language).
@ -21,13 +21,11 @@ largely similar (by comparison FORTRAN 77 is a very different language).
! This is a comment.
program example ! declare a program called example.
! Code can only exist inside programs, functions, subroutines or modules.
! Using indentation is not required but it is recommended.
! Declaring Variables
! ===================
@ -66,7 +64,6 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
! whereby values are saved between function calls. In general, separate
! declaration and initialisation code except for constants!
! Strings
! =======
@ -78,7 +75,6 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
str_b = a_str//" keyboard" ! concatenate strings using // operator.
! Assignment & Arithmetic
! =======================
@ -87,7 +83,6 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
a = 11.54/(2.3*3.1)
b = 2**3 ! exponentiation
! Control Flow Statements & Operators
! ===================================
@ -106,19 +101,17 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
b = 10
end if ! end statement needs the 'if' (or can use 'endif').
if (.NOT. (x < c .AND. v >= a .OR. z == z)) then ! boolean operators.
inner: if (.TRUE.) then ! can name if-construct.
b = 1
end if inner ! then must name endif statement.
end if
i = 20
select case (i)
case (0) !case i == 0
case (0, 1) ! cases i == 0 or i == 1
j = 0
case (1:10) !cases i is 1 to 10 inclusive.
case (2:10) ! cases i is 2 to 10 inclusive.
j = 1
case (11:) ! all cases where i>=11
j = 2
@ -126,7 +119,6 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
j = 3
end select
month = 'jan'
! Condition can be integer, logical or character type.
! Select constructions can also be named.
@ -137,7 +129,6 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
j = -1
end select monthly
do i = 2, 10, 2 ! loops from 2 to 10 (inclusive) in increments of 2.
innerloop: do j = 1, 3 ! loops can be named too.
exit ! quits the loop.
@ -145,13 +136,11 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
cycle ! jump to next loop iteration.
end do
! Goto statement exists but it is heavily discouraged though.
goto 10
stop 1 ! stops code immediately (returning specified condition code).
10 j = 201 ! this line is labeled as line 10
! Arrays
! ======
array = (/1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6/)
@ -203,7 +192,6 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
array = [(i**2, i=1, 6)] ! creates an array of [1,4,9,16,25,36]
array = [(4, 5, i=1, 3)] ! creates an array of [4,5,4,5,4,5]
! Input/Output
! ============
@ -226,25 +214,26 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
print "(2(I5,F6.2))", 120, 43.42, 340, 65.3 ! repeated grouping of formats.
! We can also read input from the terminal.
read *, v
read "(2F6.2)", v, x !read two numbers
! To read a file.
open(unit=11, file="records.txt", status="old")
! The file is referred to by a 'unit number', an integer that you pick in
! the range 9:99. Status can be one of {'old','replace','new'}.
read(unit=11, fmt="(3F10.2)") a, b, c
close(11)
read (*, *) v
read (*, "(2F6.2)") v, x ! read two numbers
! To write a file.
open (unit=12, file="records.txt", status="replace")
! The file is referred to by a 'unit number', an integer that you pick in
! the range 9:99. Status can be one of {'old','replace','new'}.
write (12, "(F10.2,F10.2,F10.2)") c, b, a
close (12)
! To read a file.
open (newunit=m, file="records.txt", status="old")
! The file is referred to by a 'new unit number', an integer that the compiler
! picks for you.
read (unit=m, fmt="(3F10.2)") a, b, c
close (m)
! There are more features available than discussed here and alternative
! variants due to backwards compatibility with older Fortran versions.
! Built-in Functions
! ==================
@ -256,7 +245,6 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
i = floor(b) ! returns the closest integer less than or equal to x.
v = aimag(w) ! imaginary part of a complex number.
! Functions & Subroutines
! =======================
@ -272,62 +260,61 @@ program example !declare a program called example.
m = func(3, 2, k) ! function call.
! Function calls can also be evoked within expressions.
Print *, func2(3,2,k)
print *, func2(3, 2, k)
! A pure function is a function that doesn't modify its input parameters
! or cause any side-effects.
m = func3(3, 2, k)
contains ! Zone for defining sub-programs internal to the program.
! Fortran has a couple of slightly different ways to define functions.
integer function func(a, b, c) ! a function returning an integer value.
implicit none !best to use implicit none in function definitions too.
integer :: a,b,c !type of input parameters defined inside the function.
! implicit none ! subvariable fields can no longer declare implicit none
integer, intent(in) :: a, b, c ! type of input parameters defined inside the function.
if (a >= 2) then
func = a + b + c ! the return variable defaults to the function name.
return ! can return the current value from the function at any time.
end if
func = a + c
! Don't need a return statement at the end of a function.
end function func
function func2(a, b, c) result(f) ! return variable declared to be 'f'.
implicit none
integer, intent(in) :: a, b ! can declare and enforce that variables
!are not modified by the function.
integer, intent(inout) :: c
integer :: f ! function return type declared inside the function.
integer :: cnt = 0 ! GOTCHA - initialisation implies variable is
!saved between function calls.
f = a + b - c
c = 4 ! altering the value of an input variable.
cnt = cnt + 1 ! count number of function calls.
end function func2
pure function func3(a, b, c) ! a pure function can have no side-effects.
implicit none
integer, intent(in) :: a, b, c
integer :: func3
func3 = a*b*c
end function func3
subroutine routine(d, e, f)
implicit none
real, intent(inout) :: f
real, intent(in) :: d, e
f = 2*d + 3*e + f
end subroutine routine
end program example ! End of Program Definition -----------------------
! Functions and Subroutines declared externally to the program listing need
! to be declared to the program using an Interface declaration (even if they
! are in the same source file!) (see below). It is easier to define them within
@ -338,9 +325,10 @@ elemental real function func4(a) result(res)
! but can also be used on an array where it will be separately applied to all
! of the elements of an array and return a new array.
real, intent(in) :: a
res = a**2 + 1.0
end function func4
res = a**2 + 1.0
end function func4
! Modules
! =======
@ -349,11 +337,12 @@ end function func4
! subroutines together for reusability.
module fruit
real :: apple
real :: pear
real :: orange
end module fruit
end module fruit
module fruity
! Declarations must be in the order: modules, interfaces, variables.
@ -393,6 +382,8 @@ module fruity
real :: weight ! (kg)
real :: dimensions(3) ! i.e. length-width-height (metres).
character :: colour
contains
procedure :: info ! bind a procedure to a type.
end type car
type(car) :: mycar ! declare a variable of your custom type.
@ -404,7 +395,6 @@ contains
subroutine create_mycar(mycar)
! Demonstrates usage of a derived data type.
implicit none
type(car), intent(out) :: mycar
! Access type elements using '%' operator.
@ -415,24 +405,38 @@ contains
mycar%dimensions(2) = 3.0
mycar%dimensions(3) = 1.5
end subroutine
end subroutine create_mycar
subroutine info(self)
class(car), intent(in) :: self
! 'class' keyword used to bind a procedure to a type here.
print *, "Model : ", self%model
print *, "Colour : ", self%colour
print *, "Weight : ", self%weight
print *, "Dimensions: ", self%dimensions
end subroutine info
real pure function real_abs(x)
real, intent(in) :: x
real function real_abs(x)
real :: x
if (x < 0) then
real_abs = -x
else
real_abs = x
end if
end function real_abs
real function complex_abs(z)
complex :: z
real pure function complex_abs(z)
complex, intent(in) :: z
! long lines can be continued using the continuation character '&'
complex_abs = sqrt(real(z)**2 + &
aimag(z)**2)
end function complex_abs
end function complex_abs
end module fruity

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@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
---
language: Fortran
filename: learnfortran-cn.f90
contributors:
- ["Robert Steed", "https://github.com/robochat"]
translators:
- ["Corvusnest", "https://github.com/Corvusnest"]
lang: zh-cn
---
Fortran IBM 1950 Fortran "Formula
Translation"
Fortran 77, Fortran 90,
Fortran 95, Fortran 2008, Fortran 2015 Fortran 2023
Fortran 2008 广
Fortran 77
```fortran
!
program example ! example
!
! 使使
!
! =========
!
implicit none !
! implicit none //...
! - Fortran
real z
REAL Z2
real :: v, x !
real :: a = 3, b = 2E12, c = 0.01
integer :: i, j, k = 1, m
real, parameter :: PI = 3.1415926535897931 !
logical :: y = .TRUE., n = .FALSE. !
complex :: w = (0, 1) !
character(len=3) :: month ! 3
real :: array(6) ! 6
real, dimension(4) :: arrayb !
integer :: arrayc(-10:10) !
real :: array2d(3, 2) !
! '::' 使
!
real, pointer :: p !
integer, parameter :: LP = selected_real_kind(20)
real(kind=LP) :: d !
!
! 'save'
!
!
!
! =======
character :: a_char = 'i'
character(len=6) :: a_str = "qwerty"
character(len=30) :: str_b
character(len=*), parameter :: a_long_str = "This is a long string."
! 使 (len=*)
str_b = a_str//" keyboard" ! 使 //
!
! =============
Z = 1 ! z
j = 10 + 2 - 3
a = 11.54/(2.3*3.1)
b = 2**3 !
!
! ===================
! if
if (z == a) b = 4 !
if (z /= a) then ! z a
! < > <= >= == /=
b = 4
else if (z .GT. a) then ! z a
! .LT. .GT. .LE. .GE. .EQ. .NE.
b = 6
else if (z < a) then ! 'then'
b = 5 !
else
b = 10
end if ! end 'if'使 'endif'
if (.NOT. (x < c .AND. v >= a .OR. z == z)) then !
inner: if (.TRUE.) then ! if
b = 1
end if inner ! then endif
end if
i = 20
select case (i)
case (0, 1) ! i == 0 i == 1
j = 0
case (2:10) ! i 2 10
j = 1
case (11:) ! i >= 11
j = 2
case default
j = 3
end select
month = 'jan'
!
! Select
monthly:select case(month)
case ("jan")
j = 0
case default
j = -1
end select monthly
do i = 2, 10, 2 ! 2 10 2
innerloop: do j = 1, 3 !
exit ! 退
end do innerloop
cycle !
end do
! Goto
goto 10
stop 1 !
10 j = 201 ! 10
!
! =====
array = (/1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6/)
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] ! 使 Fortran 2003
arrayb = [10.2, 3e3, 0.41, 4e-5]
array2d = reshape([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0], [3, 2])
! Fortran 1
!
v = array(1) !
v = array2d(2, 2)
print *, array(3:5) !
print *, array2d(1, :) !
array = array*3 + 2 !
array = array*array !
! array = array*array2d !
!
c = dot_product(array, array) !
! 使 matmul()
c = sum(array)
c = maxval(array)
print *, minloc(array)
c = size(array)
print *, shape(array)
m = count(array > 0)
! 使 product()
v = 1
do i = 1, size(array)
v = v*array(i)
end do
!
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
where (array > 3)
array = array + 1
elsewhere(array == 2)
array = 1
elsewhere
array = 0
end where
! do
array = [(i, i=1, 6)] ! [1,2,3,4,5,6]
array = [(i, i=1, 12, 2)] ! [1,3,5,7,9,11]
array = [(i**2, i=1, 6)] ! [1,4,9,16,25,36]
array = [(4, 5, i=1, 3)] ! [4,5,4,5,4,5]
! /
! =========
print *, b ! 'b'
!
print "(I6)", 320 ! ' 320'
print "(I6.4)", 3 ! ' 0003'
print "(F6.3)", 4.32 ! ' 4.320'
!
! IFE
! LA...
print "(I3)", 3200 ! '***'
!
print "(I5,F6.2,E6.2)", 120, 43.41, 43.41
print "(3I5)", 10, 20, 30 ! 5
print "(2(I5,F6.2))", 120, 43.42, 340, 65.3 !
!
read (*, *) v
read (*, "(2F6.2)") v, x !
!
open (unit=12, file="records.txt", status="replace")
! 'unit number' 9:99
! Status {'old','replace','new'}
write (12, "(F10.2,F10.2,F10.2)") c, b, a
close (12)
!
open (newunit=m, file="records.txt", status="old")
! 'new unit number'
read (unit=m, fmt="(3F10.2)") a, b, c
close (m)
!
! Fortran
!
! ===========
! Fortran 200 /
! -
call cpu_time(v) ! 'v'
k = ior(i, j) ! OR
v = log10(x) ! 10
i = floor(b) ! x
v = aimag(w) !
!
! ==============
!
call routine(a, c, v) !
!
!
m = func(3, 2, k) !
! 使
print *, func2(3, 2, k)
!
!
m = func3(3, 2, k)
contains !
! Fortran
integer function func(a, b, c) !
! implicit none ! implicit none
integer, intent(in) :: a, b, c !
if (a >= 2) then
func = a + b + c !
return !
end if
func = a + c
! return
end function func
function func2(a, b, c) result(f) ! 'f'
integer, intent(in) :: a, b !
!
integer, intent(inout) :: c
integer :: f !
integer :: cnt = 0 !
!
f = a + b - c
c = 4 !
cnt = cnt + 1 !
end function func2
pure function func3(a, b, c) !
integer, intent(in) :: a, b, c
integer :: func3
func3 = a*b*c
end function func3
subroutine routine(d, e, f)
real, intent(inout) :: f
real, intent(in) :: d, e
f = 2*d + 3*e + f
end subroutine routine
end program example ! --------------------------
! 使 interface 使 'contains'
elemental real function func4(a) result(res)
! elemental
!
real, intent(in) :: a
res = a**2 + 1.0
end function func4
!
! =======
!
module fruit
real :: apple
real :: pear
real :: orange
end module fruit
module fruity
!
!
use fruit, only: apple, pear ! 使 fruit apple pear
implicit none !
private !
! /
public :: apple, mycar, create_mycar
! /
private :: func4
!
! ========
! 'contains' /
interface
elemental real function func4(a) result(res)
real, intent(in) :: a
end function func4
end interface
! 使
interface myabs
! 使 'module procedure'
module procedure real_abs, complex_abs
end interface
!
! ==================
!
type car
character(len=100) :: model
real :: weight !
real :: dimensions(3) ! --
character :: colour
contains
procedure :: info !
end type car
type(car) :: mycar !
! create_mycar()
!
contains
subroutine create_mycar(mycar)
!
type(car), intent(out) :: mycar
! 使 '%' 访
mycar%model = "Ford Prefect"
mycar%colour = 'r'
mycar%weight = 1400
mycar%dimensions(1) = 5.0 ! 1
mycar%dimensions(2) = 3.0
mycar%dimensions(3) = 1.5
end subroutine create_mycar
subroutine info(self)
class(car), intent(in) :: self
! 使 'class'
print *, "Model : ", self%model
print *, "Colour : ", self%colour
print *, "Weight : ", self%weight
print *, "Dimensions: ", self%dimensions
end subroutine info
real pure function real_abs(x)
real, intent(in) :: x
if (x < 0) then
real_abs = -x
else
real_abs = x
end if
end function real_abs
real pure function complex_abs(z)
complex, intent(in) :: z
! 使 '&'
complex_abs = sqrt(real(z)**2 + &
aimag(z)**2)
end function complex_abs
end module fruity
```
###
Fortran :
+ [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran)
+ [Fortran-lang Organization](https://fortran-lang.org/)
+ [Fortran_95_language_features](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran_95_language_features)
+ [fortranwiki.org](http://fortranwiki.org)
+ [www.fortran90.org/](http://www.fortran90.org)
+ [list of Fortran 95 tutorials](http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Fortran/FAQs%2C_Help%2C_and_Tutorials/Fortran_90_and_95/)
+ [Fortran wikibook](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fortran)
+ [Fortran resources](http://www.fortranplus.co.uk/resources/fortran_resources.pdf)
+ [Mistakes in Fortran 90 Programs That Might Surprise You](http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~szymansk/OOF90/bugs.html)

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@ -1,435 +0,0 @@
---
language: Fortran
filename: learnfortran-cn.f95
contributors:
- ["Robert Steed", "https://github.com/robochat"]
translators:
- ["Corvusnest", "https://github.com/Corvusnest"]
lang: zh-cn
---
Fortran IBM开发于1950年用于数值运算Fortran "Formula
Translation"
Fortran 77, Fortran 90,
Fortran 95, Fortran 2003, Fortran 2008 Fortran 2015
Fortran 95 广
Fortran 77
```fortran
!
program example ! example
!
! 使
!
! ===================
!
implicit none ! (!)
! Implicit none //
! - Fortran
real z
REAL Z2
real :: v,x ! : !
real :: a = 3, b=2E12, c = 0.01
integer :: i, j, k=1, m
real, parameter :: PI = 3.1415926535897931 !
logical :: y = .TRUE. , n = .FALSE. !
complex :: w = (0,1) !sqrt(-1) (: -1)
character (len=3) :: month !3
real :: array(6) !6
real, dimension(4) :: arrayb !
integer :: arrayc(-10:10) !
real :: array2d(3,2) !
! '::' 使
! :
real, pointer :: p !
integer, parameter :: LP = selected_real_kind(20)
real (kind = LP) :: d !
! save
!
!
! =======
character :: a_char = 'i'
character (len = 6) :: a_str = "qwerty"
character (len = 30) :: str_b
character (len = *), parameter :: a_long_str = "This is a long string."
!使 (len=*)
str_b = a_str // " keyboard" ! //
!
! =======================
Z = 1 ! z ().
j = 10 + 2 - 3
a = 11.54 / (2.3 * 3.1)
b = 2**3 !
!
! ===================================
! if
if (z == a) b = 4 !
if (z /= a) then !z a
! < > <= >= == /=
b = 4
else if (z .GT. a) then !z (Greater) a
! : .LT. .GT. .LE. .GE. .EQ. .NE.
b = 6
else if (z < a) then !'then'
b = 5 !
else
b = 10
end if ! 'if' ( 'endif').
if (.NOT. (x < c .AND. v >= a .OR. z == z)) then !
inner: if (.TRUE.) then ! if
b = 1
endif inner ! endif .
endif
i = 20
select case (i)
case (0) ! i == 0
j=0
case (1:10) ! i 1 10 ( 1 <= i <= 10 )
j=1
case (11:) ! i>=11
j=2
case default
j=3
end select
month = 'jan'
!
! Select
monthly: select case (month)
case ("jan")
j = 0
case default
j = -1
end select monthly
do i=2,10,2 !210(210)2
innerloop: do j=1,3 !
exit !
end do innerloop
cycle !
enddo
! Goto 使
goto 10
stop 1 ! ().
10 j = 201 ! 10 line 10
!
! ======
array = (/1,2,3,4,5,6/)
array = [1,2,3,4,5,6] !使 Fortran 2003 .
arrayb = [10.2,3e3,0.41,4e-5]
array2d = reshape([1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0], [3,2])
! Fortran 1
! ()
v = array(1) !
v = array2d(2,2)
print *, array(3:5) !35
print *, array2d(1,:) !2
array = array*3 + 2 !
array = array*array !() (element-wise)
!array = array*array2d !
!
c = dot_product(array,array) ! ()
! matmul() .
c = sum(array)
c = maxval(array)
print *, minloc(array)
c = size(array)
print *, shape(array)
m = count(array > 0)
! (使 Product() ).
v = 1
do i = 1, size(array)
v = v*array(i)
end do
!
array = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
where (array > 3)
array = array + 1
elsewhere (array == 2)
array = 1
elsewhere
array = 0
end where
! DO循环可以很方便地创建数组
array = [ (i, i = 1,6) ] ! [1,2,3,4,5,6]
array = [ (i, i = 1,12,2) ] ! [1,3,5,7,9,11]
array = [ (i**2, i = 1,6) ] ! [1,4,9,16,25,36]
array = [ (4,5, i = 1,3) ] ! [4,5,4,5,4,5]
! /
! ============
print *, b ! 'b'
!
print "(I6)", 320 ! ' 320'
print "(I6.4)", 3 ! ' 0003'
print "(F6.3)", 4.32 ! ' 4.320'
!
! I (), F (), E (),
! L (/), A () ...
print "(I3)", 3200 ! '***'
!
print "(I5,F6.2,E6.2)", 120, 43.41, 43.41
print "(3I5)", 10, 20, 30 !3 ( = 5).
print "(2(I5,F6.2))", 120, 43.42, 340, 65.3 !
!
read *, v
read "(2F6.2)", v, x !2
!
open(unit=11, file="records.txt", status="old")
! 'unit', 9-99
! 'status' {'old','replace','new'}
read(unit=11, fmt="(3F10.2)") a, b, c
close(11)
!
open(unit=12, file="records.txt", status="replace")
write(12, "(F10.2,F10.2,F10.2)") c, b, a
close(12)
! Fortran
!
! ==================
! Fortran 200 /
!
call cpu_time(v) !
k = ior(i,j) !2
v = log10(x) !10log运算
i = floor(b) !x ()
v = aimag(w) !
!
! =======================
! (side-effects)
! (: /)
call routine(a,c,v) !
!
!
m = func(3,2,k) !
!
Print *, func2(3,2,k)
!
m = func3(3,2,k)
contains ! (sub-programs)
! Fortran
integer function func(a,b,c) !
implicit none ! (implicit none)
integer :: a,b,c !
if (a >= 2) then
func = a + b + c !
return !
endif
func = a + c
!
end function func
function func2(a,b,c) result(f) ! 'f'
implicit none
integer, intent(in) :: a,b !
integer, intent(inout) :: c
integer :: f !
integer :: cnt = 0 ! -
f = a + b - c
c = 4 !
cnt = cnt + 1 !
end function func2
pure function func3(a,b,c) !
implicit none
integer, intent(in) :: a,b,c
integer :: func3
func3 = a*b*c
end function func3
subroutine routine(d,e,f)
implicit none
real, intent(inout) :: f
real, intent(in) :: d,e
f = 2*d + 3*e + f
end subroutine routine
end program example ! -----------------------
! 使()
! 使 'contains'
elemental real function func4(a) result(res)
! (elemental function) 使
!
real, intent(in) :: a
res = a**2 + 1.0
end function func4
!
! =======
!
module fruit
real :: apple
real :: pear
real :: orange
end module fruit
module fruity
! :
! ()
use fruit, only: apple, pear ! 使 fruit apple pear
implicit none !
private !使(private)( public)
! /
public :: apple,mycar,create_mycar
! /()(: private)
private :: func4
!
! ==========
! /
! / 'contains'
interface
elemental real function func4(a) result(res)
real, intent(in) :: a
end function func4
end interface
!
interface myabs
! 使 'module procedure'
module procedure real_abs, complex_abs
end interface
!
! ==================
!
type car
character (len=100) :: model
real :: weight !( kg)
real :: dimensions(3) !: ()
character :: colour
end type car
type(car) :: mycar !
! create_mycar()
! :
contains
subroutine create_mycar(mycar)
! 使
implicit none
type(car),intent(out) :: mycar
! '%' 访()
mycar%model = "Ford Prefect"
mycar%colour = 'r'
mycar%weight = 1400
mycar%dimensions(1) = 5.0 ! 1 !
mycar%dimensions(2) = 3.0
mycar%dimensions(3) = 1.5
end subroutine
real function real_abs(x)
real :: x
if (x<0) then
real_abs = -x
else
real_abs = x
end if
end function real_abs
real function complex_abs(z)
complex :: z
! '&'
complex_abs = sqrt(real(z)**2 + &
aimag(z)**2)
end function complex_abs
end module fruity
```
###
Fortran :
+ [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran)
+ [Fortran_95_language_features](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran_95_language_features)
+ [fortranwiki.org](http://fortranwiki.org)
+ [www.fortran90.org/](http://www.fortran90.org)
+ [list of Fortran 95 tutorials](http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Fortran/FAQs%2C_Help%2C_and_Tutorials/Fortran_90_and_95/)
+ [Fortran wikibook](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fortran)
+ [Fortran resources](http://www.fortranplus.co.uk/resources/fortran_resources.pdf)
+ [Mistakes in Fortran 90 Programs That Might Surprise You](http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~szymansk/OOF90/bugs.html)