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@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ a = Int64[] # => 0-element Array{Int64,1}
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# 1-dimensional array literals can be written with comma-separated values.
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b = [4, 5, 6] # => 3-element Array{Int64,1}: [4, 5, 6]
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b = [4; 5; 6] # => 3-element Array{Int64,1}: [4, 5, 6]
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b[1] # => 4
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b[end] # => 6
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# 2-dimensional arrays use space-separated values and semicolon-separated rows.
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@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ e # => 5
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f # => 6
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# A 1-element tuple is distinct from the value it contains
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(1,) == 1 # => false
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(1,) == 1 # => false
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(1) == 1 # => true
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# Look how easy it is to swap two values
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@ -335,15 +336,14 @@ filled_set = Set([1, 2, 2, 3, 4]) # => Set([4, 2, 3, 1])
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push!(filled_set, 5) # => Set([4, 2, 3, 5, 1])
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# Check if the values are in the set
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in(2, filled_set) # => true
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in(2, filled_set) # => true
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in(10, filled_set) # => false
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# There are functions for set intersection, union, and difference.
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other_set = Set([3, 4, 5, 6]) # => Set([4, 3, 5, 6])
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intersect(filled_set, other_set) # => Set([4, 3, 5])
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union(filled_set, other_set) # => Set([4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 1])
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setdiff(Set([1,2,3,4]), Set([2,3,5])) # => Set([4, 1])
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other_set = Set([3, 4, 5, 6]) # => Set([4, 3, 5, 6])
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intersect(filled_set, other_set) # => Set([4, 3, 5])
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union(filled_set, other_set) # => Set([4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 1])
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setdiff(Set([1,2,3,4]), Set([2,3,5])) # => Set([4, 1])
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####################################################
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## 3. Control Flow
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@ -416,15 +416,14 @@ catch e
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end
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# => caught it ErrorException("help")
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####################################################
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## 4. Functions
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####################################################
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# The keyword 'function' creates new functions
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#function name(arglist)
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# body...
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#end
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# function name(arglist)
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# body...
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# end
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function add(x, y)
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println("x is $x and y is $y")
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@ -540,8 +539,8 @@ map(add_10, [1,2,3]) # => [11, 12, 13]
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filter(x -> x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) # => [6, 7]
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# We can use list comprehensions
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[add_10(i) for i = [1, 2, 3]] # => [11, 12, 13]
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[add_10(i) for i in [1, 2, 3]] # => [11, 12, 13]
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[add_10(i) for i = [1, 2, 3]] # => [11, 12, 13]
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[add_10(i) for i in [1, 2, 3]] # => [11, 12, 13]
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[x for x in [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] if x > 5] # => [6, 7]
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####################################################
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@ -554,7 +553,7 @@ filter(x -> x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) # => [6, 7]
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typeof(5) # => Int64
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# Types are first-class values
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typeof(Int64) # => DataType
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typeof(Int64) # => DataType
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typeof(DataType) # => DataType
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# DataType is the type that represents types, including itself.
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@ -604,17 +603,17 @@ subtypes(AbstractString) # => 4-element Array{Any,1}:
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# => Test.GenericString
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# Every type has a super type; use the `supertype` function to get it.
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typeof(5) # => Int64
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supertype(Int64) # => Signed
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supertype(Signed) # => Integer
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typeof(5) # => Int64
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supertype(Int64) # => Signed
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supertype(Signed) # => Integer
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supertype(Integer) # => Real
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supertype(Real) # => Number
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supertype(Number) # => Any
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supertype(Real) # => Number
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supertype(Number) # => Any
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supertype(supertype(Signed)) # => Real
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supertype(Any) # => Any
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supertype(Any) # => Any
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# All of these type, except for Int64, are abstract.
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typeof("fire") # => String
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supertype(String) # => AbstractString
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typeof("fire") # => String
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supertype(String) # => AbstractString
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# Likewise here with String
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supertype(SubString) # => AbstractString
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@ -665,12 +664,12 @@ end
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# Testing the meow function
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meow(tigger) # => "rawwwr"
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meow(Lion("brown", "ROAAR")) # => "ROAAR"
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meow(Panther()) # => "grrr"
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meow(Panther()) # => "grrr"
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# Review the local type hierarchy
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Tiger <: Cat # => false
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Lion <: Cat # => true
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Panther <: Cat # => true
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Tiger <: Cat # => false
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Lion <: Cat # => true
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Panther <: Cat # => true
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# Defining a function that takes Cats
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function pet_cat(cat::Cat)
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