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Fix formatting
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Divay Prakash
parent
8a80c5bfb0
commit
ec1111c156
@ -11,22 +11,22 @@ contributors:
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Feedback highly appreciated! Reach me at [@jigyasa_grover](https://twitter.com/jigyasa_grover) or send me an e-mail at `grover.jigyasa1@gmail.com`.
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##Allowable characters:
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## Allowable characters:
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- a-z
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- A-Z
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- 0-9
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- .+/\*~<>@%|&?
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- blank, tab, cr, ff, lf
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##Variables:
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## Variables:
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- variables must be declared before use
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- shared vars must begin with uppercase
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- local vars must begin with lowercase
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- reserved names: `nil`, `true`, `false`, `self`, `super`, and `Smalltalk`
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##Variable scope:
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- Global: defined in Dictionary Smalltalk and accessible by all objects in system - Special: (reserved) `Smalltalk`, `super`, `self`, `true`, `false`, & `nil`
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## Variable scope:
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- Global: defined in Dictionary Smalltalk and accessible by all objects in system
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- Special: (reserved) `Smalltalk`, `super`, `self`, `true`, `false`, & `nil`
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- Method Temporary: local to a method
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- Block Temporary: local to a block
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- Pool: variables in a Dictionary object
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Transcript cr. "carriage return / l
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Transcript endEntry. "flush the output buffer"
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```
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##Assignment:
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## Assignment:
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```
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| x y |
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x _ 4. "assignment (Squeak) <-"
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@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ y := x deepCopy. "copy object and ins
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y := x veryDeepCopy. "complete tree copy using a dictionary"
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```
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##Constants:
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## Constants:
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```
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| b |
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b := true. "true constant"
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@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ x := $ . "character constant
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x := #aSymbol. "symbol constants"
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x := #(3 2 1). "array constants"
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x := #('abc' 2 $a). "mixing of types allowed"
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```
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## Booleans:
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@ -130,7 +129,6 @@ b := x isFloat. "test if object is f
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b := x isNumber. "test if object is number"
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b := $A isUppercase. "test if upper case character"
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b := $A isLowercase. "test if lower case character"
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```
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## Arithmetic expressions:
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@ -188,7 +186,6 @@ x := Float infinity. "infinity"
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x := Float nan. "not-a-number"
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x := Random new next; yourself. x next. "random number stream (0.0 to 1.0)"
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x := 100 atRandom. "quick random number"
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```
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##Bitwise Manipulation:
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@ -205,7 +202,6 @@ x := 16r80 highbit. "position of highest
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b := 16rFF allMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits set in mask set in receiver"
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b := 16rFF anyMask: 16r0F. "test if any bits set in mask set in receiver"
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b := 16rFF noMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits set in mask clear in receiver"
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```
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## Conversion:
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@ -221,7 +217,6 @@ x := 3.99 storeString. "convert object to s
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x := 15 radix: 16. "convert to string in given base"
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x := 15 printStringBase: 16.
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x := 15 storeStringBase: 16.
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```
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## Blocks:
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@ -245,7 +240,8 @@ Transcript show: (x value: 'First' value: 'Second'); cr. "use block with argu
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## Method calls:
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- unary methods are messages with no arguments
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- binary methods
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- keyword methods are messages with selectors including colons standard categories/protocols: - initialize-release (methods called for new instance)
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- keyword methods are messages with selectors including colons standard categories/protocols:
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- initialize-release (methods called for new instance)
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- accessing (get/set methods)
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- testing (boolean tests - is)
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- comparing (boolean tests with parameter
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@ -254,6 +250,7 @@ Transcript show: (x value: 'First' value: 'Second'); cr. "use block with argu
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- updating (receive notification of changes)
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- private (methods private to class)
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- instance-creation (class methods for creating instance)
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```
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| x |
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x := 2 sqrt. "unary message"
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@ -268,7 +265,7 @@ Transcript "Cascading - send mu
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x := 3 + 2; * 100. "result=300. Sends message to same receiver (3)"
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```
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##Conditional Statements:
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## Conditional Statements:
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```
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| x |
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x > 10 ifTrue: [Transcript show: 'ifTrue'; cr]. "if then"
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@ -330,7 +327,6 @@ y := x asciiValue. "convert to numeric
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y := x asString. "convert to string"
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b := $A <= $B. "comparison"
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y := $A max: $B.
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```
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## Symbol:
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@ -428,7 +424,7 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
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y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
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```
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##OrderedCollection: acts like an expandable array
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## OrderedCollection: acts like an expandable array
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```
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| b x y sum max |
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x := OrderedCollection with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements"
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@ -471,7 +467,9 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
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y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
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```
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## SortedCollection: like OrderedCollection except order of elements determined by sorting criteria
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## SortedCollection:
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like OrderedCollection except order of elements determined by sorting criteria
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```
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| b x y sum max |
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x := SortedCollection with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements"
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@ -513,7 +511,9 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
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y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
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```
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## Bag: like OrderedCollection except elements are in no particular order
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## Bag:
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like OrderedCollection except elements are in no particular order
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```
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| b x y sum max |
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x := Bag with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements"
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@ -544,8 +544,12 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
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y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
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```
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## Set: like Bag except duplicates not allowed
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## IdentitySet: uses identity test (== rather than =)
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## Set:
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like Bag except duplicates not allowed
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## IdentitySet:
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uses identity test (== rather than =)
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```
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| b x y sum max |
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x := Set with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements"
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@ -604,7 +608,7 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
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y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
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```
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##Associations:
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## Associations:
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```
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| x y |
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x := #myVar->'hello'.
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@ -613,7 +617,9 @@ y := x value.
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```
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## Dictionary:
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## IdentityDictionary: uses identity test (== rather than =)
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## IdentityDictionary:
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uses identity test (== rather than =)
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```
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| b x y |
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x := Dictionary new. "allocate collection"
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@ -939,13 +945,8 @@ x := FillInTheBlank request: 'Prompt Me'. "prompt user for inp
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Utilities openCommandKeyHelp
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```
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## Ready For More?
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### Free Online
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* [GNU Smalltalk User's Guide](https://www.gnu.org/software/smalltalk/manual/html_node/Tutorial.html)
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* [smalltalk dot org](http://www.smalltalk.org/)
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* [Computer Programming using GNU Smalltalk](http://www.canol.info/books/computer_programming_using_gnu_smalltalk/)
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