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Fix formatting

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Divay Prakash 2018-10-27 16:08:16 +05:30
parent 8a80c5bfb0
commit ec1111c156
1 changed files with 28 additions and 27 deletions
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smalltalk.html.markdown
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@ -11,22 +11,22 @@ contributors:
Feedback highly appreciated! Reach me at [@jigyasa_grover](https://twitter.com/jigyasa_grover) or send me an e-mail at `grover.jigyasa1@gmail.com`. Feedback highly appreciated! Reach me at [@jigyasa_grover](https://twitter.com/jigyasa_grover) or send me an e-mail at `grover.jigyasa1@gmail.com`.
## Allowable characters:
##Allowable characters:
- a-z - a-z
- A-Z - A-Z
- 0-9 - 0-9
- .+/\*~<>@%|&? - .+/\*~<>@%|&?
- blank, tab, cr, ff, lf - blank, tab, cr, ff, lf
##Variables: ## Variables:
- variables must be declared before use - variables must be declared before use
- shared vars must begin with uppercase - shared vars must begin with uppercase
- local vars must begin with lowercase - local vars must begin with lowercase
- reserved names: `nil`, `true`, `false`, `self`, `super`, and `Smalltalk` - reserved names: `nil`, `true`, `false`, `self`, `super`, and `Smalltalk`
##Variable scope: ## Variable scope:
- Global: defined in Dictionary Smalltalk and accessible by all objects in system - Special: (reserved) `Smalltalk`, `super`, `self`, `true`, `false`, & `nil` - Global: defined in Dictionary Smalltalk and accessible by all objects in system
- Special: (reserved) `Smalltalk`, `super`, `self`, `true`, `false`, & `nil`
- Method Temporary: local to a method - Method Temporary: local to a method
- Block Temporary: local to a block - Block Temporary: local to a block
- Pool: variables in a Dictionary object - Pool: variables in a Dictionary object
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Transcript cr. "carriage return / l
Transcript endEntry. "flush the output buffer" Transcript endEntry. "flush the output buffer"
``` ```
##Assignment: ## Assignment:
``` ```
| x y | | x y |
x _ 4. "assignment (Squeak) <-" x _ 4. "assignment (Squeak) <-"
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ y := x deepCopy. "copy object and ins
y := x veryDeepCopy. "complete tree copy using a dictionary" y := x veryDeepCopy. "complete tree copy using a dictionary"
``` ```
##Constants: ## Constants:
``` ```
| b | | b |
b := true. "true constant" b := true. "true constant"
@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ x := $ . "character constant
x := #aSymbol. "symbol constants" x := #aSymbol. "symbol constants"
x := #(3 2 1). "array constants" x := #(3 2 1). "array constants"
x := #('abc' 2 $a). "mixing of types allowed" x := #('abc' 2 $a). "mixing of types allowed"
``` ```
## Booleans: ## Booleans:
@ -130,7 +129,6 @@ b := x isFloat. "test if object is f
b := x isNumber. "test if object is number" b := x isNumber. "test if object is number"
b := $A isUppercase. "test if upper case character" b := $A isUppercase. "test if upper case character"
b := $A isLowercase. "test if lower case character" b := $A isLowercase. "test if lower case character"
``` ```
## Arithmetic expressions: ## Arithmetic expressions:
@ -188,7 +186,6 @@ x := Float infinity. "infinity"
x := Float nan. "not-a-number" x := Float nan. "not-a-number"
x := Random new next; yourself. x next. "random number stream (0.0 to 1.0)" x := Random new next; yourself. x next. "random number stream (0.0 to 1.0)"
x := 100 atRandom. "quick random number" x := 100 atRandom. "quick random number"
``` ```
##Bitwise Manipulation: ##Bitwise Manipulation:
@ -205,7 +202,6 @@ x := 16r80 highbit. "position of highest
b := 16rFF allMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits set in mask set in receiver" b := 16rFF allMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits set in mask set in receiver"
b := 16rFF anyMask: 16r0F. "test if any bits set in mask set in receiver" b := 16rFF anyMask: 16r0F. "test if any bits set in mask set in receiver"
b := 16rFF noMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits set in mask clear in receiver" b := 16rFF noMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits set in mask clear in receiver"
``` ```
## Conversion: ## Conversion:
@ -221,7 +217,6 @@ x := 3.99 storeString. "convert object to s
x := 15 radix: 16. "convert to string in given base" x := 15 radix: 16. "convert to string in given base"
x := 15 printStringBase: 16. x := 15 printStringBase: 16.
x := 15 storeStringBase: 16. x := 15 storeStringBase: 16.
``` ```
## Blocks: ## Blocks:
@ -245,7 +240,8 @@ Transcript show: (x value: 'First' value: 'Second'); cr. "use block with argu
## Method calls: ## Method calls:
- unary methods are messages with no arguments - unary methods are messages with no arguments
- binary methods - binary methods
- keyword methods are messages with selectors including colons standard categories/protocols: - initialize-release (methods called for new instance) - keyword methods are messages with selectors including colons standard categories/protocols:
- initialize-release (methods called for new instance)
- accessing (get/set methods) - accessing (get/set methods)
- testing (boolean tests - is) - testing (boolean tests - is)
- comparing (boolean tests with parameter - comparing (boolean tests with parameter
@ -254,6 +250,7 @@ Transcript show: (x value: 'First' value: 'Second'); cr. "use block with argu
- updating (receive notification of changes) - updating (receive notification of changes)
- private (methods private to class) - private (methods private to class)
- instance-creation (class methods for creating instance) - instance-creation (class methods for creating instance)
``` ```
| x | | x |
x := 2 sqrt. "unary message" x := 2 sqrt. "unary message"
@ -268,7 +265,7 @@ Transcript "Cascading - send mu
x := 3 + 2; * 100. "result=300. Sends message to same receiver (3)" x := 3 + 2; * 100. "result=300. Sends message to same receiver (3)"
``` ```
##Conditional Statements: ## Conditional Statements:
``` ```
| x | | x |
x > 10 ifTrue: [Transcript show: 'ifTrue'; cr]. "if then" x > 10 ifTrue: [Transcript show: 'ifTrue'; cr]. "if then"
@ -330,7 +327,6 @@ y := x asciiValue. "convert to numeric
y := x asString. "convert to string" y := x asString. "convert to string"
b := $A <= $B. "comparison" b := $A <= $B. "comparison"
y := $A max: $B. y := $A max: $B.
``` ```
## Symbol: ## Symbol:
@ -428,7 +424,7 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
y := x asSet. "convert to set collection" y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
``` ```
##OrderedCollection: acts like an expandable array ## OrderedCollection: acts like an expandable array
``` ```
| b x y sum max | | b x y sum max |
x := OrderedCollection with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements" x := OrderedCollection with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements"
@ -471,7 +467,9 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
y := x asSet. "convert to set collection" y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
``` ```
## SortedCollection: like OrderedCollection except order of elements determined by sorting criteria ## SortedCollection:
like OrderedCollection except order of elements determined by sorting criteria
``` ```
| b x y sum max | | b x y sum max |
x := SortedCollection with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements" x := SortedCollection with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements"
@ -513,7 +511,9 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
y := x asSet. "convert to set collection" y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
``` ```
## Bag: like OrderedCollection except elements are in no particular order ## Bag:
like OrderedCollection except elements are in no particular order
``` ```
| b x y sum max | | b x y sum max |
x := Bag with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements" x := Bag with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements"
@ -544,8 +544,12 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
y := x asSet. "convert to set collection" y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
``` ```
## Set: like Bag except duplicates not allowed ## Set:
## IdentitySet: uses identity test (== rather than =) like Bag except duplicates not allowed
## IdentitySet:
uses identity test (== rather than =)
``` ```
| b x y sum max | | b x y sum max |
x := Set with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements" x := Set with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements"
@ -604,7 +608,7 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
y := x asSet. "convert to set collection" y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
``` ```
##Associations: ## Associations:
``` ```
| x y | | x y |
x := #myVar->'hello'. x := #myVar->'hello'.
@ -613,7 +617,9 @@ y := x value.
``` ```
## Dictionary: ## Dictionary:
## IdentityDictionary: uses identity test (== rather than =) ## IdentityDictionary:
uses identity test (== rather than =)
``` ```
| b x y | | b x y |
x := Dictionary new. "allocate collection" x := Dictionary new. "allocate collection"
@ -939,13 +945,8 @@ x := FillInTheBlank request: 'Prompt Me'. "prompt user for inp
Utilities openCommandKeyHelp Utilities openCommandKeyHelp
``` ```
## Ready For More? ## Ready For More?
### Free Online
* [GNU Smalltalk User's Guide](https://www.gnu.org/software/smalltalk/manual/html_node/Tutorial.html) * [GNU Smalltalk User's Guide](https://www.gnu.org/software/smalltalk/manual/html_node/Tutorial.html)
* [smalltalk dot org](http://www.smalltalk.org/) * [smalltalk dot org](http://www.smalltalk.org/)
* [Computer Programming using GNU Smalltalk](http://www.canol.info/books/computer_programming_using_gnu_smalltalk/) * [Computer Programming using GNU Smalltalk](http://www.canol.info/books/computer_programming_using_gnu_smalltalk/)