Merge adbb3aca33 into 612db59ae0

* add external links for further reading

* removing extraneous credit.

.gitattributes

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-*.html.markdown linguist-language=Markdown linguist-detectable
+*.md linguist-language=Markdown linguist-detectable
-file.html.erb linguist-vendored

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 - [ ] I solemnly swear that this is all original content of which I am the original author
-- [ ] Pull request title is prepended with `[language/lang-code]` (example `[python/fr-fr]` or `[java/en]`)
+- [ ] Pull request title is prepended with `[language/lang-code]` (example `[python/fr]` or `[java/en]`)
 - [ ] Pull request touches only one file (or a set of logically related files with similar changes made)
 - [ ] Content changes are aimed at *intermediate to experienced programmers* (this is a poor format for explaining fundamental programming concepts)
-- [ ] If you've changed any part of the YAML Frontmatter, make sure it is formatted according to [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-docs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.markdown)
+- [ ] If you've changed any part of the YAML Frontmatter, make sure it is formatted according to [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-docs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
   - [ ] Yes, I have double-checked quotes and field names!

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@ review them more effectively and/or individually.
 ## Style Guidelines
 
 * **Keep lines under 80 chars**
-   * Try to keep **line length in code blocks to 80 characters or fewer**.
+   * Try to keep line length in code blocks to 80 characters or fewer.
    * Otherwise, the text will overflow and look odd.
    * This and other potential pitfalls to format the content consistently are
-     identified by the freely available
+     identified by [markdownlint](https://github.com/markdownlint/markdownlint).
-     [markdownlint](https://github.com/markdownlint/markdownlint).
 * **Prefer example to exposition**
    * Try to use as few words as possible.
    * Code examples are preferred over exposition in all cases.
@@ -42,14 +41,14 @@ review them more effectively and/or individually.
 
 ### Header configuration
 
-The actual site uses Middleman to generate HTML files from these Markdown ones.
+The actual site generates HTML files from these Markdown ones.
-Middleman, or at least the custom scripts underpinning the site, requires that
+The markdown files can contain extra metadata before the actual markdown,
-some key information be defined in the header.
+called frontmatter.
 
 The following fields are necessary for English articles about programming
 languages:
 
-* **language** The *programming language* in question
+* **name** The human-readable name of the programming language
 * **contributors** A list of [author, URL] lists to credit
 
 Other fields:
@@ -58,17 +57,16 @@ Other fields:
   *tool* or *Algorithms & Data Structures*. Defaults to *language* if omitted.
 * **filename**: The filename for this article's code. It will be fetched, mashed
   together, and made downloadable.
-   * For non-English articles, *filename* should have a language-specific
-     suffix.
-* **lang**: For translations, the human language this article is in. For
-  categorization, mostly.
 
-Here's an example header for an Esperanto translation of Ruby:
+Non-English articles inherit frontmatter values from the English article (if it exists)
+but you can overwrite them.
+
+Here's an example header for Ruby:
 
 ```yaml
 *--
-language: Ruby
+name: Ruby
-filename: learnruby-epo.ruby
+filename: learnruby.rb
 contributors:
     - ["Doktor Esperanto", "http://example.com/"]
     - ["Someone else", "http://someoneelseswebsite.com/"]
@@ -77,8 +75,7 @@ contributors:
 
 ### Syntax highlighter
 
-[Pygments](https://pygments.org/languages/) is used for syntax highlighting through
+[Pygments](https://pygments.org/languages/) is used for syntax highlighting.
-[pygments.rb](https://github.com/pygments/pygments.rb).
 
 ### Should I add myself as a contributor?
 
@@ -89,12 +86,10 @@ addition or not.
 
 ## Building the site locally
 
-Install Ruby. On macOS this can be done with [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/).
+Install Python. On macOS this can be done with [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/).
 
 ```sh
-brew install ruby
+brew install python
-# Install Ruby package manager
-gem install bundler
 ```
 
 Then clone two repos, install dependencies and run.
@@ -107,8 +102,12 @@ git clone https://github.com/<YOUR-USERNAME>/learnxinyminutes-docs ./learnxinymi
 
 # Install dependencies
 cd learnxinyminutes-site
-bundle install
+pip install -r requirements.txt
 
 # Run
-bundle exec middleman serve
+python build.py
+cd build
+python -m http.server
+
+# open http://localhost:8000/ in your browser of choice
 ```

README.md

@@ -40,6 +40,6 @@ Anything not covered by the above -- basically, this README -- you can use as
 you wish, I guess.
 
 
-[1]: http://learnxinyminutes.com
+[1]: https://learnxinyminutes.com
 [2]: /CONTRIBUTING.md
 [3]: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US

ada.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Ada
+name: Ada
 filename: learn.ada
 contributors:
     - ["Luke A. Guest", "https://github.com/Lucretia"]

amd.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: tool
-tool: AMD
+name: AMD
 contributors:
     - ["Frederik Ring", "https://github.com/m90"]
 filename: learnamd.js

angularjs.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: framework
-framework: AngularJS
+name: AngularJS
 contributors:
     - ["Walter Cordero", "http://waltercordero.com"]
 filename: learnangular.txt

ansible.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: tool
-tool: Ansible
+name: Ansible
 contributors:
     - ["Jakub Muszynski" , "http://github.com/sirkubax"]
     - ["Pat Myron" , "https://github.com/patmyron"]

apl.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: APL
+name: APL
 contributors:
     - ["nooodl", "https://github.com/nooodl"]
 filename: learnapl.apl

ar/python.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ filename: learnpython-ar.py
 لقد أُنشئت لغة البايثون بواسطة جايدو ڤان روسم في بداية التسعينات. هي الأن أحد أشهر اللغات الموجودة. 
 لقد أحببت لغة البايثون بسبب وضوحها. هي في الأساس عبارة عن سودوكود قابل للتنفيذ.
 
-ملحوظة: هذا المقال يُطبق على بايثون 3 فقط. راجع المقال [هنا](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/pythonlegacy/) إذا أردت تعلم لغة البايثون نسخة 2.7 الأقدم
+ملحوظة: هذا المقال يُطبق على بايثون 3 فقط. راجع المقال [هنا](../pythonlegacy/) إذا أردت تعلم لغة البايثون نسخة 2.7 الأقدم
 
 ```python
 # تعليق من سطر واحد يبدأ برمز الرقم.

arturo.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Arturo
+name: Arturo
 filename: learnarturo.art
 contributors:
   - ["Dr.Kameleon", "https://github.com/drkameleon"]

asciidoc.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: AsciiDoc
+name: AsciiDoc
 contributors:
     - ["Ryan Mavilia", "http://unoriginality.rocks/"]
     - ["Abel Salgado Romero", "https://twitter.com/abelsromero"]

assemblyscript.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: AssemblyScript
+name: AssemblyScript
 contributors:
     - ["Philippe Vlérick", "https://github.com/pvlerick"]
     - ["Steve Huguenin-Elie", "https://github.com/StEvUgnIn"]
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ filename: learnassemblyscript.ts
 
 __AssemblyScript__ compiles a variant of __TypeScript__ (basically JavaScript with types) to __WebAssembly__ using __Binaryen__. It generates lean and mean WebAssembly modules while being just an `npm install` away.
 
-This article will focus only on AssemblyScript extra syntax, as opposed to [TypeScript](/docs/typescript) and [JavaScript](/docs/javascript).
+This article will focus only on AssemblyScript extra syntax, as opposed to [TypeScript](../typescript/) and [JavaScript](../javascript/).
 
 To test AssemblyScript's compiler, head to the
 [Playground](https://www.assemblyscript.org/editor.html#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) where you will be able

ats.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: ATS
+name: ATS
 contributors:
   - ["Mark Barbone", "https://github.com/mb64"]
 filename: learnats.dats

awk.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: tool
-tool: AWK
+name: AWK
 filename: learnawk.awk
 contributors:
      - ["Marshall Mason", "http://github.com/marshallmason"]

ballerina.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Ballerina
+name: Ballerina
 contributors:
     - ["Anjana Fernando", "https://github.com/lafernando"]
 filename: learn_ballerina.bal

bash.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Bash
+name: Bash
 contributors:
     - ["Max Yankov", "https://github.com/golergka"]
     - ["Darren Lin", "https://github.com/CogBear"]

bc.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: bc
+name: bc
 contributors:
     - ["Btup"]
 filename: learnbc.bc

bf.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
-language: BF
+name: BF
+learn_x_in_y_name: brainfuck
 filename: bf.bf
 contributors:
     - ["Prajit Ramachandran", "http://prajitr.github.io/"]

bqn.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: BQN
+name: BQN
 filename: learnbqn.bqn
 contributors:
     - ["Raghu Ranganathan", "https://github.com/razetime"]

c++.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: C++
+name: C++
 filename: learncpp.cpp
 contributors:
     - ["Steven Basart", "https://github.com/xksteven"]

c.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: C
+name: C
 filename: learnc.c
 contributors:
   - ["Adam Bard", "http://adambard.com/"]

chapel.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Chapel
+name: Chapel
 filename: learnchapel.chpl
 contributors:
     - ["Ian J. Bertolacci", "https://www.cs.arizona.edu/~ianbertolacci/"]

chicken.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: "CHICKEN"
+name: "CHICKEN"
 filename: CHICKEN.scm
 contributors:
   - ["Diwakar Wagle", "https://github.com/deewakar"]

citron.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: citron
+name: citron
 filename: learncitron.ctr
 contributors:
     - ["AnotherTest", ""]

clojure-macros.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Clojure macros
+name: Clojure macros
 filename: learnclojuremacros.clj
 contributors:
     - ["Adam Bard", "http://adambard.com/"]
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Use a macro only when you need control over when or if the arguments to a form w
 be evaluated.
 
 You'll want to be familiar with Clojure. Make sure you understand everything in
-[Clojure in Y Minutes](/docs/clojure/).
+[Clojure in Y Minutes](../clojure/).
 
 ```clojure
 ;; Define a macro using defmacro. Your macro should output a list that can

clojure.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Clojure
+name: Clojure
 filename: learnclojure.clj
 contributors:
     - ["Adam Bard", "http://adambard.com/"]

cmake.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: tool
-tool: CMake
+name: CMake
 contributors:
     - ["Bruno Alano", "https://github.com/brunoalano"]
 filename: CMake

cobol.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: COBOL
+name: COBOL
 contributors:
     - ["Hyphz", "http://github.com/hyphz/"]
 filename: learn.COB

coffeescript.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: CoffeeScript
+name: CoffeeScript
 contributors:
   - ["Tenor Biel", "http://github.com/L8D"]
   - ["Xavier Yao", "http://github.com/xavieryao"]

coldfusion.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: ColdFusion
+name: ColdFusion
 filename: learncoldfusion.cfm
 contributors:
     - ["Wayne Boka", "http://wboka.github.io"]

common-lisp.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 
-language: "Common Lisp"
+name: "Common Lisp"
 filename: commonlisp.lisp
 contributors:
   - ["Paul Nathan", "https://github.com/pnathan"]

compojure.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: tool
-tool: Compojure
+name: Compojure
 contributors:
     - ["Adam Bard", "http://adambard.com/"]
 filename: learncompojure.clj

coq.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Coq
+name: Coq
 filename: learncoq.v
 contributors:
     - ["Philip Zucker", "http://www.philipzucker.com/"]

crystal.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Crystal
+name: Crystal
 filename: learncrystal.cr
 contributors:
     - ["Vitalii Elenhaupt", "http://veelenga.com"]

cs/hack.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ které známe ze staticky typovaných jazyků.
 
 Níže jsou popsané pouze vlastnosti jazyka Hack. Detaily ohledně jazyka PHP a jeho
 syntaxe pak najdete na těchto stránkách v samostatném 
-[článku o PHP](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/php/).
+[článku o PHP](/php/).
 
 ```php
 <?hh

cs/python.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ filename: learnpython-cz.py
 Python byl vytvořen Guidem Van Rossum v raných 90. letech. Nyní je jedním z nejpopulárnějších jazyků.
 Zamiloval jsem si Python pro jeho syntaktickou čistotu - je to vlastně spustitelný pseudokód.
 
-Poznámka: Tento článek je zaměřen na Python 3. Zde se můžete [naučit starší Python 2.7](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/pythonlegacy/).
+Poznámka: Tento článek je zaměřen na Python 3. Zde se můžete [naučit starší Python 2.7](/pythonlegacy/).
 
 ```python
 # Jednořádkový komentář začíná křížkem

csharp.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: C#
+name: C#
 contributors:
     - ["Irfan Charania", "https://github.com/irfancharania"]
     - ["Max Yankov", "https://github.com/golergka"]

css.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: CSS
+name: CSS
 contributors:
     - ["Mohammad Valipour", "https://github.com/mvalipour"]
     - ["Marco Scannadinari", "https://github.com/marcoms"]

csv.html.markdown

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+---
+category: Algorithms & Data Structures
+contributors:
+- [Timon Erhart, 'https://github.com/turbotimon/']
+---
+
+CSV (Comma-Separated Values) is a lightweight file format used to store tabular
+data in plain text, designed for easy data exchange between programs,
+particularly spreadsheets and databases. Its simplicity and human readability
+have made it a cornerstone of data interoperability. It is often used for
+moving data between programs with incompatible or proprietary formats.
+
+While RFC 4180 provides a standard for the format, in practice, the term "CSV"
+ is often used more broadly to refer to any text file that:
+
+- Can be interpreted as tabular data
+- Uses a delimiter to separate fields (columns)
+- Uses line breaks to separate records (rows)
+- Optionally includes a header in the first row
+
+```csv
+Name, Age, DateOfBirth
+Alice, 30, 1993-05-14
+Bob, 25, 1998-11-02
+Charlie, 35, 1988-03-21
+```
+
+## Delimiters for Rows and Columns
+
+Rows are typically separated by line breaks (`\n` or `\r\n`), while columns
+ (fields) are separated by a specific delimiter. Although commas are the most
+ common delimiter for fields, other characters, such as semicolons (`;`), are
+ commonly used in regions where commas are decimal separators (e.g., Germany).
+ Tabs (`\t`) are also used as delimiters in some cases, with such files often
+ referred to as "TSV" (Tab-Separated Values).
+
+Example using semicolons as delimiter and comma for decimal separator:
+
+```csv
+Name; Age; Grade
+Alice; 30; 50,50
+Bob; 25; 45,75
+Charlie; 35; 60,00
+```
+
+## Data Types
+
+CSV files do not inherently define data types. Numbers and dates are stored as
+ plain text, and their interpretation depends on the software importing the
+ file. Typically, data is interpreted as follows:
+
+```csv
+Data, Comment
+100, Interpreted as a number (integer)
+100.00, Interpreted as a number (floating-point)
+2024-12-03, Interpreted as a date or a string (depending on the parser)
+Hello World, Interpreted as text (string)
+"1234", Interpreted as text instead of a number
+```
+
+## Quoting Strings and Special Characters
+
+Quoting strings is only required if the string contains the delimiter, special
+ characters, or otherwise could be interpreted as a number. However, it is
+ often considered good practice to quote all strings to enhance readability and
+ robustness.
+
+```csv
+Quoting strings examples,
+Unquoted string,
+"Optionally quoted string (good practice)",
+"If it contains the delimiter, it needs to be quoted",
+"Also, if it contains special characters like \n newlines or \t tabs",
+"The quoting "" character itself typically is escaped by doubling the quote ("")",
+"or in some systems with a backslash \" (like other escapes)",
+```
+
+However, make sure that for one document, the quoting method is consistent.
+ For example, the last two examples of quoting with either "" or \" would
+ not be consistent and could cause problems.
+
+## Encoding
+
+Different encodings are used. Most modern CSV files use UTF-8 encoding, but
+ older systems might use others like ASCII or ISO-8859.
+
+If the file is transferred or shared between different systems, it is a good
+ practice to explicitly define the encoding used, to avoid issues with
+ character misinterpretation.
+
+## More Resources
+
++ [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values)
++ [RFC 4180](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4180)

cue.md

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
-category: language
+name: CUE
-language: CUE
 filename: learncue.cue
 contributors:
     - ["Daniel Cox", "https://github.com/danielpcox"]

cypher.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Cypher
+name: Cypher
 filename: LearnCypher.cql
 contributors:
     - ["Théo Gauchoux", "https://github.com/TheoGauchoux"]

d.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: D
+name: D
 filename: learnd.d
 contributors:
     - ["Nick Papanastasiou", "www.nickpapanastasiou.github.io"]

dart.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Dart
+name: Dart
 filename: learndart.dart
 contributors:
   - ["Joao Pedrosa", "https://github.com/jpedrosa/"]

de/clojure-macros.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Sei aber vorsichtig, es wird als schlechter Stil angesehen, wenn du
 ein Macro schreibst, obwohl eine Funktion genauso gut funktionieren würde.
 Verwende nur dann ein Macro, wenn du Kontrolle darüber brauchst, wann oder ob Argumente in einer Form evaluiert werden.
 
-Wenn du mit Clojure vertraut sein möchtest, stelle sicher, dass du alles in [Clojure in Y Minutes](/docs/clojure/) verstehst.
+Wenn du mit Clojure vertraut sein möchtest, stelle sicher, dass du alles in [Clojure in Y Minutes](../clojure/) verstehst.
 
 ```clojure
 ;; Definiere ein Macro mit defmacro. Dein Macro sollte eine Liste zurückgeben,

de/hack.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Typisierung der Sprache, die eine wesentlich höhere Performance erlaubt.
 
 
 Hier werden nur Hack-spezifische Eigenschaften beschrieben. Details über PHP's
-Syntax findet man im [PHP Artikel](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/php/) dieser
+Syntax findet man im [PHP Artikel](/php/) dieser
 Seite.
 
 ```php

de/paren.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ translators:
 [Paren](https://bitbucket.org/ktg/paren) ist ein Dialekt von Lisp.
 Es ist als eingebettete Sprache konzipiert.
 
-Manche Beispiele sind von <http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/racket/>.
+Manche Beispiele sind von [Racket](/racket/).
 
 ```scheme
 ;;; Kommentare

de/python.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ filename: learnpython-de.py
 Anmerkungen des ursprünglichen Autors:
 Python wurde in den frühen Neunzigern von Guido van Rossum entworfen. Es ist heute eine der beliebtesten Sprachen. Ich habe mich in Python wegen seiner syntaktischen Übersichtlichkeit verliebt. Eigentlich ist es ausführbarer Pseudocode.
 
-Hinweis: Dieser Beitrag bezieht sich implizit auf Python 3. Falls du lieber Python 2.7 lernen möchtest, schau [hier](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/pythonlegacy/) weiter. Beachte hierbei,
+Hinweis: Dieser Beitrag bezieht sich implizit auf Python 3. Falls du lieber Python 2.7 lernen möchtest, schau [hier](/pythonlegacy/) weiter. Beachte hierbei,
 dass Python 2 als veraltet gilt und für neue Projekte nicht mehr verwendet werden sollte.
 
 ```python

de/qt.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ translators:
 die auf verschiedenen Hard- und Softwareplattformen mit wenig oder keinen Veränderungen im Code läuft.
 Dabei besitzt man die Power und Geschwindigkeit von nativen Anwendungen.
 Obwohl **Qt** ursprünglich in *C++* geschrieben wurde,
-gibt es verschiedene Ports für andere Sprachen: *[PyQt](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/pyqt/)*, *QtRuby*, *PHP-Qt*, etc.
+gibt es verschiedene Ports für andere Sprachen: *[PyQt](../pyqt/)*, *QtRuby*, *PHP-Qt*, etc.
 
 **Qt** eignet sich hervorragend zum Erstellen von Anwendungen mit grafischer Benutzeroberfläche (GUI).
 Dieses Tutorial zeigt, wie man das in *C++* macht.

dhall.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Dhall
+name: Dhall
 filename: learndhall.dhall
 contributors:
     - ["Gabriel Gonzalez", "http://www.haskellforall.com/"]

directx9.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: framework
-framework: DirectX 9
+name: DirectX 9
 filename: learndirectx9.cpp
 contributors:
     - ["Simon Deitermann", "s.f.deitermann@t-online.de"]

docker.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: tool
-tool: Docker
+name: Docker
 filename: docker.bat
 contributors:
     - ["Ruslan López", "http://javapro.org/"]

easylang.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Easylang
+name: Easylang
 contributors:
     - ["chkas", "https://github.com/chkas"]
 filename: easylang.el

edn.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: EDN
+name: EDN
 filename: learnedn.edn
 contributors:
   - ["Jason Yeo", "https://github.com/jsyeo"]

el/python.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ filename: learnpython-gr.py
 δημοφιλείς γλώσσες. Ερωτευεται κανείς την python για τη συντακτική της απλότητα.
 Βασικά είναι εκτελέσιμος ψευδοκώδικας.
 
-Σημείωση: Το παρόν άρθρο ασχολείται μόνο με την Python 3. Δείτε [εδώ](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/pythonlegacy/) αν θέλετε να μάθετε την παλιά Python 2.7
+Σημείωση: Το παρόν άρθρο ασχολείται μόνο με την Python 3. Δείτε [εδώ](/pythonlegacy/) αν θέλετε να μάθετε την παλιά Python 2.7
 
 ```python
 # Τα σχόλια μίας γραμμής ξεκινούν με #

elisp.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Emacs Lisp
+name: Emacs Lisp
 contributors:
     - ["Bastien Guerry", "https://bzg.fr"]
     - ["Saurabh Sandav", "http://github.com/SaurabhSandav"]

elixir.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Elixir
+name: Elixir
 contributors:
     - ["Joao Marques", "https://github.com/mrshankly"]
     - ["Dzianis Dashkevich", "https://github.com/dskecse"]

elm.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Elm
+name: Elm
 contributors:
     - ["Max Goldstein", "http://maxgoldste.in/"]
 filename: learnelm.elm

emacs.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: tool
-tool: Emacs
+name: Emacs
 filename: emacs.txt
 contributors:
     - ["Joseph Riad", "https://github.com/Joseph-Riad"]

erlang.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Erlang
+name: Erlang
 contributors:
     - ["Giovanni Cappellotto", "http://giovanni.curlybrackets.it/"]
 filename: learnerlang.erl

es/curto.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: curto
+name: curto
 contributors:
     - ["Maleza", "https://maleza.srht.site/"]
 filename: learncurto-es.fs

es/hack.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ filename: learnhack-es.hh
 
 Hack es un superconjunto de PHP que se ejecuta en una máquina virtual llamada HHVM. Hack es casi totalmente compatible con código PHP ya existente y añade varias características típicas de los lenguajes de programación estáticamente tipados.
 
-En este artículo sólo se cubren las características específicas de Hack. Los detalles sobre la sintaxis de PHP están en el [artículo sobre PHP](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/php/) de esta misma web.
+En este artículo sólo se cubren las características específicas de Hack. Los detalles sobre la sintaxis de PHP están en el [artículo sobre PHP](../php/) de esta misma web.
 
 ```php
 <?hh

es/jquery.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ filename: jquery-es.js
 
 jQuery es una librería de JavaScript que le ayuda a "hacer más y escribir menos". Esto hace que muchas de las tareas comunes de JavaScript sean más fáciles de escribir. jQuery es utilizado por muchas de las grandes empresas y desarrolladores de todo el mundo. Hace que AJAX, la gestión de eventos, la manipulación de documentos, y mucho más, sea más fácil y rápido.
 
-Debido a que jQuery es una librería de JavaScript debes [aprender JavaScript primero](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/es-es/javascript-es/)
+Debido a que jQuery es una librería de JavaScript debes [aprender JavaScript primero](../javascript/)
 
 ```js
 ///////////////////////////////////

es/r.md

@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ require(plyr)
 
 # "pets.csv" es un archivo en internet
 # (pero puede ser tan fácil como tener el archivo en tu computadora)
-pets <- read.csv("http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/pets.csv")
+pets <- read.csv("https://learnxinyminutes.com/pets.csv")
 pets
 head(pets, 2) # primeras dos filas
 tail(pets, 1) # última fila

es/typescript.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ TypeScript es un lenguaje cuyo objetivo es facilitar el desarrollo de aplicacion
 TypeScript añade conceptos comunes como clases, módulos, interfaces, genéricos y (opcionalmente) tipeo estático a JavaScript.
 Es un superset de JavaScript: todo el código JavaScript es código válido en TypeScript de manera que se puede integrar fácilmente a cualquier proyecto . El compilador TypeScript emite JavaScript.
 
-Este artículo se enfocará solo en la sintáxis extra de TypeScript, y no en [JavaScript](../javascript-es/).
+Este artículo se enfocará solo en la sintáxis extra de TypeScript, y no en [JavaScript](../javascript/).
 
 Para probar el compilador de TypeScript, diríjase al [Área de Pruebas](https://www.typescriptlang.org/Playground) donde podrá tipear código, y ver como se auto-completa al tiempo que ve el código emitido JavaScript.
 

factor.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Factor
+name: Factor
 contributors:
     - ["hyphz", "http://github.com/hyphz/"]
 filename: learnfactor.factor

fish.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: fish
+name: fish
 contributors:
     - ["MySurmise", "https://github.com/MySurmise"]
     - ["Geo Maciolek", "https://github.com/GeoffMaciolek"]

forth.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Forth
+name: Forth
 contributors:
     - ["Horse M.D.", "http://github.com/HorseMD/"]
 filename: learnforth.fs

fortran.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Fortran
+name: Fortran
 contributors:
     - ["Robert Steed", "https://github.com/robochat"]
 filename: learnfortran.f90

fr/jquery.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ filename: jquery-fr.js
 jQuery est une bibliothèque JavaScript dont le but est de permettre de "faire plus en écrivant moins" (do more, write less). Elle facilite l'écriture de nombreuses fonctions, notamment au niveau d'AJAX, de la gestion d'événements, ou encore de la manipulation de documents. 
 C'est pourquoi aujourd'hui, jQuery est utilisée par de nombreuses grandes entreprises et par des développeurs du monde entier.
 
-Étant donné que jQuery est une bibliothèque JavaScript, vous devriez d'abord [apprendre le JavaScript](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/fr-fr/javascript-fr/)
+Étant donné que jQuery est une bibliothèque JavaScript, vous devriez d'abord [apprendre le JavaScript](./javascript/)
 
 ```js
 ///////////////////////////////////

fr/python.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Python a été créé par Guido Van Rossum au début des années 90. C'est maint
 langages les plus populaires. Je suis tombé amoureux de Python pour la clarté de sa syntaxe.
 C'est tout simplement du pseudo-code exécutable.
 
-Note : Cet article s'applique spécifiquement à Python 3. Jettez un coup d'oeil [ici](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/fr-fr/python-fr/) pour apprendre le vieux Python 2.7
+Note : Cet article s'applique spécifiquement à Python 3. Jettez un coup d'oeil [ici](../pythonlegacy/) pour apprendre le vieux Python 2.7
 
 ```python
 # Un commentaire d'une ligne commence par un dièse

fr/pythonlegacy.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ translators:
 Python a été créé par Guido Van Rossum au début des années 90. C'est maintenant un des langages de programmation les plus populaires.
 Je suis tombé amoureux de Python de par la clarté de sa syntaxe. C'est pratiquement du pseudo-code exécutable.
 
-N.B. : Cet article s'applique spécifiquement à Python 2.7, mais devrait s'appliquer pour toute version Python 2.x. Python 2.7 est en fin de vie et ne sera plus maintenu à partir de 2020, il est donc recommandé d'apprendre Python avec Python 3. Pour Python 3.x, il existe un autre [tutoriel pour Python 3](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/fr-fr/python3-fr/).
+N.B. : Cet article s'applique spécifiquement à Python 2.7, mais devrait s'appliquer pour toute version Python 2.x. Python 2.7 est en fin de vie et ne sera plus maintenu à partir de 2020, il est donc recommandé d'apprendre Python avec Python 3. Pour Python 3.x, il existe un autre [tutoriel pour Python 3](../python/).
 
 ```python
 # Une ligne simple de commentaire commence par un dièse

fr/r.md

@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ require(plyr)
 
 # "pets.csv" est un fichier sur internet
 # (mais il pourrait être tout aussi facilement sur votre ordinateur)
-pets <- read.csv("http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/pets.csv")
+pets <- read.csv("https://learnxinyminutes.com/pets.csv")
 pets
 head(pets, 2) # first two rows
 tail(pets, 1) # last row

fr/typescript.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ TypeScript est un langage visant à faciliter le développement d'applications l
 TypeScript ajoute des concepts classiques comme les classes, les modules, les interfaces, les génériques et le typage statique (optionnel) à JavaScript.
 C'est une surcouche de JavaScript : tout le code JavaScript est valide en TypeScript ce qui permet de l'ajouter de façon transparente à n'importe quel projet. Le code TypeScript est transcompilé en JavaScript par le compilateur.
 
-Cet article se concentrera seulement sur la syntaxe supplémentaire de TypeScript, plutôt que celle de [JavaScript](../javascript-fr/).
+Cet article se concentrera seulement sur la syntaxe supplémentaire de TypeScript, plutôt que celle de [JavaScript](../javascript/).
 
 Pour tester le compilateur de TypeScript, rendez-vous au [Playground](https://www.typescriptlang.org/Playground) où vous pourrez coder, profiter d'une autocomplétion et accéder directement au rendu JavaScript.
 

fsharp.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: F#
+name: F#
 contributors:
     - ["Scott Wlaschin", "http://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/"]
 filename: learnfsharp.fs

gdscript.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: GDScript
+name: GDScript
 contributors:
     - ["Wichamir", "https://github.com/Wichamir/"]
     - ["zacryol", "https://github.com/zacryol"]

git.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: tool
-tool: Git
+name: Git
 contributors:
     - ["Jake Prather", "http://github.com/JakeHP"]
     - ["Leo Rudberg" , "http://github.com/LOZORD"]

gleam.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Gleam
+name: Gleam
 contributors:
     - ["Antonio Ognio", "https://github.com/aognio/"]
 filename: learngleam.gleam

go.md

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
-category: language
+name: Go
-language: Go
 filename: learngo.go
 contributors:
     - ["Sonia Keys", "https://github.com/soniakeys"]

golfscript.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: GolfScript
+name: GolfScript
 filename: golfscript.gs
 contributors:
     - ["Nicholas S Georgescu", "http://github.com/ngeorgescu"]

groovy.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Groovy
+name: Groovy
 filename: learngroovy.groovy
 contributors:
     - ["Roberto Pérez Alcolea", "http://github.com/rpalcolea"]

hack.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Hack
+name: Hack
 contributors:
     - ["Andrew DiMola", "https://github.com/AndrewDiMola"]
     - ["Stephen Holdaway", "https://github.com/stecman"]

haml.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Haml
+name: Haml
 filename: learnhaml.haml
 contributors:
   - ["Simon Neveu", "https://github.com/sneveu"]

haskell.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Haskell
+name: Haskell
 filename: learnhaskell.hs
 contributors:
     - ["Adit Bhargava", "http://adit.io"]
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ True || False -- True
 ['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'] -- "Hello"
 
 -- Lists can be indexed with the `!!` operator followed by an index
+-- but this is an O(n) operation because lists are linked lists
 "This is a string" !! 0 -- 'T'
 
 
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ case args of
 map (*2) [1..5] -- [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
 
 -- you can make a for function using map
-for array func = map func array
+for list func = map func list
 
 -- and then use it
 for [0..5] $ \i -> show i
@@ -281,6 +282,9 @@ for [0..5] $ \i -> show i
 -- we could've written that like this too:
 for [0..5] show
 
+-- filter keeps only the elements in a list that satisfy a condition
+filter even [1..10] -- [2, 4, 8, 10]
+
 -- You can use foldl or foldr to reduce a list
 -- foldl <fn> <initial value> <list>
 foldl (\x y -> 2*x + y) 4 [1,2,3] -- 43

haxe.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Haxe
+name: Haxe
 filename: LearnHaxe3.hx
 contributors:
     - ["Justin Donaldson", "https://github.com/jdonaldson/"]

hcl.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: tool
-tool: HCL
+name: HCL
 contributors:
     - ["Romans Malinovskis" , "http://github.com/romaninsh"]
 filename: terraform.txt

hdl.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: HDL
+name: HDL
 filename: learnhdl.hdl
 contributors:
   - ["Jack Smith", "https://github.com/JSmithTech2019"]

hjson.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 ---
-language: Hjson
+name: Hjson
 filename: learnhjson.hjson
 contributors:
   - ["MrTeferi", "https://github.com/MrTeferi"]
 ---
 
-Hjson is an attempt to make [JSON](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/json/) more human readable.
+Hjson is an attempt to make [JSON](../json/) more human readable.
 
 Hjson is a syntax extension to JSON. 
 It's NOT a proposal to replace JSON or to incorporate it into the JSON spec itself. 

hocon.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: HOCON
+name: HOCON
 filename: learnhocon.conf
 contributors:
 - [TehBrian, 'https://tehbrian.xyz']

hq9+.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: HQ9+
+name: HQ9+
 filename: hq9+.txt
 contributors:
     - ["Alexey Nazaroff", "https://github.com/rogaven"]

html.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: HTML
+name: HTML
 filename: learnhtml.txt
 contributors:
     - ["Christophe THOMAS", "https://github.com/WinChris"]

httpie.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 category: tool
-tool: HTTPie
+name: HTTPie
 contributors:
   - ["Adaías Magdiel", "https://github.com/AdaiasMagdiel"]
 filename: learn-httpie.sh

hu/pythonlegacy.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ bele. Tulajdonképpen futtatható pszeudokód.
 Figyelem: ez a leírás a Python 2.7 verziójára vonatkozik, illetve
 általánosságban a 2.x verziókra. A Python 2.7 azonban már csak 2020-ig lesz
 támogatva, ezért kezdőknek ajánlott, hogy a Python 3-mal kezdjék az
-ismerkedést. A Python 3.x verzióihoz a [Python 3 bemutató](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/python/)
+ismerkedést. A Python 3.x verzióihoz a [Python 3 bemutató](/python/)
 ajánlott.
 
 Lehetséges olyan Python kódot írni, ami egyszerre kompatibilis a 2.7 és a 3.x

hy.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Hy
+name: Hy
 filename: learnhy.hy
 contributors:
     - ["Abhishek L", "http://twitter.com/abhishekl"]

inform7.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-language: Inform7
+name: Inform7
 contributors:
     - ["Hyphz", "http://github.com/hyphz/"]
 filename: LearnInform.Inform

it/jquery.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ translators:
 
 jQuery è una libreria JavaScript che ti aiuta a "fare di più, scrivendo meno". Rende molte attività comuni di JavaScript più facili da scrivere. jQuery è utilizzato da molte grandi aziende e sviluppatori in tutto il mondo. Rende AJAX, gestione degli eventi, manipolazione dei documenti e molto altro, più facile e veloce.
 
-Visto che jQuery è una libreria JavaScript dovresti prima [imparare JavaScript](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/javascript/)
+Visto che jQuery è una libreria JavaScript dovresti prima [imparare JavaScript](../javascript/)
 
 ```js
 ///////////////////////////////////

it/python.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ translators:
 
 Python è stato creato da Guido Van Rossum agli inizi degli anni 90. Oggi è uno dei più popolari linguaggi esistenti. Mi sono innamorato di Python per la sua chiarezza sintattica. E' sostanzialmente pseudocodice eseguibile.
 
-Nota: Questo articolo è riferito a Python 3 in modo specifico. Se volete avete la necessità di utilizzare Python 2.7 potete consultarla [qui](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/it-it/python-it/)
+Nota: Questo articolo è riferito a Python 3 in modo specifico. Se volete avete la necessità di utilizzare Python 2.7 potete consultarla [qui](../pythonlegacy/)
 
 ```python
 # I commenti su una sola linea iniziano con un cancelletto

it/pythonlegacy.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pseudocodice eseguibile.
 Nota: questo articolo è riferito a Python 2.7 in modo specifico, ma dovrebbe andar
 bene anche per Python 2.x. Python 2.7 sta raggiungendo il "fine vita", ovvero non sarà
 più supportato nel 2020. Quindi è consigliato imparare Python utilizzando Python 3.
-Per maggiori informazioni su Python 3.x, dai un'occhiata al [tutorial di Python 3](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/python/).
+Per maggiori informazioni su Python 3.x, dai un'occhiata al [tutorial di Python 3](../python/).
 
 E' possibile anche scrivere codice compatibile sia con Python 2.7 che con Python 3.x,
 utilizzando [il modulo `__future__`](https://docs.python.org/2/library/__future__.html) di Python.

it/qt.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ translators:
     - ["Ale46", "https://gihub.com/ale46"]
 ---
 
-**Qt** è un framework ampiamente conosciuto per lo sviluppo di software multipiattaforma che può essere eseguito su varie piattaforme software e hardware con modifiche minime o nulle nel codice, pur avendo la potenza e la velocità delle applicazioni native. Sebbene **Qt** sia stato originariamente scritto in *C++*, ci sono diversi porting in altri linguaggi: *[PyQt](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/pyqt/)*, *QtRuby*, *PHP-Qt*, etc.
+**Qt** è un framework ampiamente conosciuto per lo sviluppo di software multipiattaforma che può essere eseguito su varie piattaforme software e hardware con modifiche minime o nulle nel codice, pur avendo la potenza e la velocità delle applicazioni native. Sebbene **Qt** sia stato originariamente scritto in *C++*, ci sono diversi porting in altri linguaggi: *[PyQt](../pyqt/)*, *QtRuby*, *PHP-Qt*, etc.
 
 **Qt** è ottimo per la creazione di applicazioni con interfaccia utente grafica (GUI). Questo tutorial descrive come farlo in *C++*.
 

ja/python.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ filename: learnpython-jp.py
 私は構文の明快さによって、Pythonと恋に落ちました。
 以下は基本的に実行可能な疑似コードです。
 
-Note: この記事はPython 3に内容を絞っています。もし古いPython 2.7を学習したいなら、 [こちら](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/pythonlegacy/) をご確認下さい。
+Note: この記事はPython 3に内容を絞っています。もし古いPython 2.7を学習したいなら、 [こちら](/pythonlegacy/) をご確認下さい。
 
 ```python
 # 1行のコメントは番号記号(#)から始まります。