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172 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
172 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
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---
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language: TypeScript
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contributors:
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- ["Philippe Vlérick", "https://github.com/pvlerick"]
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translators:
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- ["Alois de Gouvello", "https://github.com/aloisdg"]
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filename: learntypescript-fr.ts
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lang: fr-fr
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---
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TypeScript est un langage visant à faciliter le developpement d'applications large et scalable écrite en JavaScript.
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TypeScript ajoute des concepts classiques comme les classes, les modules, les interfaces, les génériques et le typage statique (optionel) à JavaScript.
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C'est une surcouche à JavaScript: tout le code JavaScript est valide en TypeScript ce qui permet de l'ajouter de façon transparente à n'importe quel projet. Le compilateur TypeScript émet du JavaScript.
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Cet article se concentrera seulement sur la syntaxe supplémentaire de TypeScript, plutôt que celle de [JavaScript] (../javascript/).
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Pour tester le compilateur de TypeScript, rendez-vous au [Playground] (http://www.typescriptlang.org/Playground) où vous pourrez coder, profiter d'une autocomplétion et voir directement le rendu JavaScript.
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```js
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// Il y a 3 types basiques en in TypeScript
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var isDone: boolean = false;
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var lines: number = 42;
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var name: string = "Anders";
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// Quand c'est impossible de savoir, il ya le type `Any`
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var notSure: any = 4;
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notSure = "maybe a string instead";
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notSure = false; // ok, définitvement un booléen
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// Pour les collections, il y a les tableaux typés et les tableaux génériques
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var list: number[] = [1, 2, 3]; // Un tableaux typé
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var list: Array<number> = [1, 2, 3]; // un tableau générique
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// Pour les énumeration
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enum Color {Red, Green, Blue};
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var c: Color = Color.Green;
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// Enfin, `void` est utilisé dans le cas spécifique d'une fonction ne retournant rien
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function bigHorribleAlert(): void {
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alert("I'm a little annoying box!");
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}
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// Functions are first class citizens, support the lambda "fat arrow" syntax and
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// use type inference
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// The following are equivalent, the same signature will be infered by the
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// compiler, and same JavaScript will be emitted
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var f1 = function(i: number): number { return i * i; }
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// Return type inferred
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var f2 = function(i: number) { return i * i; }
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var f3 = (i: number): number => { return i * i; }
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// Return type inferred
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var f4 = (i: number) => { return i * i; }
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// Return type inferred, one-liner means no return keyword needed
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var f5 = (i: number) => i * i;
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// Interfaces are structural, anything that has the properties is compliant with
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// the interface
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interface Person {
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name: string;
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// Optional properties, marked with a "?"
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age?: number;
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// And of course functions
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move(): void;
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}
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// Object that implements the "Person" interface
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// Can be treated as a Person since it has the name and move properties
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var p: Person = { name: "Bobby", move: () => {} };
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// Objects that have the optional property:
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var validPerson: Person = { name: "Bobby", age: 42, move: () => {} };
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// Is not a person because age is not a number
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var invalidPerson: Person = { name: "Bobby", age: true };
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// Interfaces can also describe a function type
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interface SearchFunc {
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(source: string, subString: string): boolean;
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}
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// Only the parameters' types are important, names are not important.
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var mySearch: SearchFunc;
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mySearch = function(src: string, sub: string) {
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return src.search(sub) != -1;
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}
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// Classes - members are public by default
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class Point {
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// Properties
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x: number;
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// Constructor - the public/private keywords in this context will generate
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// the boiler plate code for the property and the initialization in the
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// constructor.
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// In this example, "y" will be defined just like "x" is, but with less code
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// Default values are also supported
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constructor(x: number, public y: number = 0) {
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this.x = x;
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}
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// Functions
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dist() { return Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y); }
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// Static members
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static origin = new Point(0, 0);
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}
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var p1 = new Point(10 ,20);
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var p2 = new Point(25); //y will be 0
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// Inheritance
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class Point3D extends Point {
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constructor(x: number, y: number, public z: number = 0) {
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super(x, y); // Explicit call to the super class constructor is mandatory
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}
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// Overwrite
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dist() {
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var d = super.dist();
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return Math.sqrt(d * d + this.z * this.z);
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}
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}
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// Modules, "." can be used as separator for sub modules
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module Geometry {
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export class Square {
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constructor(public sideLength: number = 0) {
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}
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area() {
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return Math.pow(this.sideLength, 2);
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}
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}
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}
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var s1 = new Geometry.Square(5);
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// Local alias for referencing a module
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import G = Geometry;
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var s2 = new G.Square(10);
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// Generics
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// Classes
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class Tuple<T1, T2> {
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constructor(public item1: T1, public item2: T2) {
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}
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}
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// Interfaces
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interface Pair<T> {
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item1: T;
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item2: T;
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}
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// And functions
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var pairToTuple = function<T>(p: Pair<T>) {
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return new Tuple(p.item1, p.item2);
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};
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var tuple = pairToTuple({ item1:"hello", item2:"world"});
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// Including references to a definition file:
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/// <reference path="jquery.d.ts" />
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```
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## Lectures complémentaires
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* [Site officiel de TypeScript] (http://www.typescriptlang.org/)
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* [Spécification du langage TypeScript (pdf)] (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=267238)
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* [Anders Hejlsberg - Introducing TypeScript on Channel 9] (http://channel9.msdn.com/posts/Anders-Hejlsberg-Introducing-TypeScript)
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* [Code source sur GitHub] (https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript)
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* [Definitely Typed - repository for type definitions] (http://definitelytyped.org/)
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