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105 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
105 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: CoffeeScript
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contributors:
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- ["Tenor Biel", "http://github.com/L8D"]
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- ["Xavier Yao", "http://github.com/xavieryao"]
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filename: coffeescript.coffee
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---
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CoffeeScript is a little language that compiles one-to-one into the equivalent
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JavaScript, and there is no interpretation at runtime. As one of the successors
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to JavaScript, CoffeeScript tries its best to output readable, pretty-printed
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and smooth-running JavaScript code, which works well in every JavaScript runtime.
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It also attempts to try and make JavaScript more in line with the trends of many
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modern languages.
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See also [the CoffeeScript website](http://coffeescript.org/), which has a complete tutorial on CoffeeScript.
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```coffeescript
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# Comments are similar to Ruby and Python, using the hash symbol `#`
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###
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Block comments are like these, and they translate directly to '/ *'s and '* /'s
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for the resulting JavaScript code.
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You should understand most of JavaScript semantics
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before continuing.
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###
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# Assignment:
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number = 42 #=> var number = 42;
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opposite = true #=> var opposite = true;
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# Conditions:
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number = -42 if opposite #=> if(opposite) { number = -42; }
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# Functions:
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square = (x) -> x * x #=> var square = function(x) { return x * x; }
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fill = (container, liquid = "coffee") ->
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"Filling the #{container} with #{liquid}..."
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#=>var fill;
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#
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#fill = function(container, liquid) {
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# if (liquid == null) {
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# liquid = "coffee";
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# }
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# return "Filling the " + container + " with " + liquid + "...";
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#};
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# Ranges:
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list = [1..5] #=> var list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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# Objects:
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math =
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root: Math.sqrt
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square: square
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cube: (x) -> x * square x
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#=> var math = {
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# "root": Math.sqrt,
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# "square": square,
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# "cube": function(x) { return x * square(x); }
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# };
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# Splats:
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race = (winner, runners...) ->
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print winner, runners
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#=>race = function() {
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# var runners, winner;
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# winner = arguments[0], runners = 2 <= arguments.length ? __slice.call(arguments, 1) : [];
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# return print(winner, runners);
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# };
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# Existence:
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alert "I knew it!" if elvis?
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#=> if(typeof elvis !== "undefined" && elvis !== null) { alert("I knew it!"); }
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# Array comprehensions:
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cubes = (math.cube num for num in list)
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#=>cubes = (function() {
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# var _i, _len, _results;
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# _results = [];
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# for (_i = 0, _len = list.length; _i < _len; _i++) {
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# num = list[_i];
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# _results.push(math.cube(num));
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# }
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# return _results;
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# })();
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foods = ['broccoli', 'spinach', 'chocolate']
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eat food for food in foods when food isnt 'chocolate'
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#=>foods = ['broccoli', 'spinach', 'chocolate'];
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#
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#for (_k = 0, _len2 = foods.length; _k < _len2; _k++) {
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# food = foods[_k];
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# if (food !== 'chocolate') {
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# eat(food);
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# }
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#}
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```
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## Additional resources
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- [Smooth CoffeeScript](http://autotelicum.github.io/Smooth-CoffeeScript/)
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- [CoffeeScript Ristretto](https://leanpub.com/coffeescript-ristretto/read)
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