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256 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
256 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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category: tool
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tool: tmux
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contributors:
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- ["mdln", "https://github.com/mdln"]
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filename: LearnTmux.txt
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---
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[tmux](http://tmux.sourceforge.net)
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is a terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of terminals
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to be created, accessed, and controlled from a single screen. tmux
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may be detached from a screen and continue running in the background
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then later reattached.
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```
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tmux [command] # Run a command
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# 'tmux' with no commands will create a new session
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new # Create a new session
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-s "Session" # Create named session
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-n "Window" # Create named Window
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-c "/dir" # Start in target directory
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attach # Attach last/available session
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-t "#" # Attach target session
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-d # Detach the session from other instances
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ls # List open sessions
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-a # List all open sessions
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lsw # List windows
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-a # List all windows
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-s # List all windows in session
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lsp # List panes
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-a # List all panes
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-s # List all panes in session
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-t # List all panes in target
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kill-window # Kill current window
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-t "#" # Kill target window
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-a # Kill all windows
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-a -t "#" # Kill all windows but the target
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kill-session # Kill current session
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-t "#" # Kill target session
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-a # Kill all sessions
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-a -t "#" # Kill all sessions but the target
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```
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### Key Bindings
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The method of controlling an attached tmux session is via key
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combinations called 'Prefix' keys.
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```
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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(C-b) = Ctrl + b # 'Prefix' combination required to use keybinds
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(M-1) = Meta + 1 -or- Alt + 1
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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? # List all key bindings
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: # Enter the tmux command prompt
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r # Force redraw of the attached client
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c # Create a new window
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! # Break the current pane out of the window.
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% # Split the current pane into two, left and right
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" # Split the current pane into two, top and bottom
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n # Change to the next window
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p # Change to the previous window
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{ # Swap the current pane with the previous pane
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} # Swap the current pane with the next pane
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s # Select a new session for the attached client
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interactively
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w # Choose the current window interactively
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0 to 9 # Select windows 0 to 9
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d # Detach the current client
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D # Choose a client to detach
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& # Kill the current window
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x # Kill the current pane
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Up, Down # Change to the pane above, below, left, or right
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Left, Right
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M-1 to M-5 # Arrange panes:
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# 1) even-horizontal
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# 2) even-vertical
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# 3) main-horizontal
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# 4) main-vertical
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# 5) tiled
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C-Up, C-Down # Resize the current pane in steps of one cell
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C-Left, C-Right
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M-Up, M-Down # Resize the current pane in steps of five cells
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M-Left, M-Right
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```
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### Configuring ~/.tmux.conf
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tmux.conf can be used to set options automatically on start up, much
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like how .vimrc or init.el are used.
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```
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# Example tmux.conf
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# 2014.10
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### General
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###########################################################################
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# Enable UTF-8
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setw -g utf8 on
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set-option -g status-utf8 on
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# Scrollback/History limit
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set -g history-limit 2048
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# Index Start
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set -g base-index 1
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# Mouse
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set-option -g mouse-select-pane on
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# Force reload of config file
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unbind r
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bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf
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### Keybinds
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###########################################################################
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# Unbind C-b as the default prefix
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unbind C-b
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# Set new default prefix
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set-option -g prefix `
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# Return to previous window when prefix is pressed twice
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bind C-a last-window
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bind ` last-window
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# Allow swapping C-a and ` using F11/F12
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bind F11 set-option -g prefix C-a
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bind F12 set-option -g prefix `
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# Keybind preference
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setw -g mode-keys vi
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set-option -g status-keys vi
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# Moving between panes with vim movement keys
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bind h select-pane -L
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bind j select-pane -D
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bind k select-pane -U
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bind l select-pane -R
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# Window Cycle/Swap
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bind e previous-window
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bind f next-window
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bind E swap-window -t -1
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bind F swap-window -t +1
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# Easy split pane commands
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bind = split-window -h
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bind - split-window -v
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unbind '"'
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unbind %
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# Activate inner-most session (when nesting tmux) to send commands
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bind a send-prefix
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### Theme
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###########################################################################
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# Statusbar Color Palatte
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set-option -g status-justify left
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set-option -g status-bg black
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set-option -g status-fg white
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set-option -g status-left-length 40
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set-option -g status-right-length 80
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# Pane Border Color Palette
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set-option -g pane-active-border-fg green
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set-option -g pane-active-border-bg black
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set-option -g pane-border-fg white
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set-option -g pane-border-bg black
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# Message Color Palette
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set-option -g message-fg black
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set-option -g message-bg green
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# Window Status Color Palette
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setw -g window-status-bg black
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setw -g window-status-current-fg green
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setw -g window-status-bell-attr default
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setw -g window-status-bell-fg red
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setw -g window-status-content-attr default
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setw -g window-status-content-fg yellow
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setw -g window-status-activity-attr default
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setw -g window-status-activity-fg yellow
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### UI
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###########################################################################
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# Notification
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setw -g monitor-activity on
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set -g visual-activity on
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set-option -g bell-action any
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set-option -g visual-bell off
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# Automatically set window titles
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set-option -g set-titles on
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set-option -g set-titles-string '#H:#S.#I.#P #W #T' # window number,program name,active (or not)
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# Statusbar Adjustments
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set -g status-left "#[fg=red] #H#[fg=green]:#[fg=white]#S#[fg=green] |#[default]"
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# Show performance counters in statusbar
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# Requires https://github.com/thewtex/tmux-mem-cpu-load/
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set -g status-interval 4
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set -g status-right "#[fg=green] | #[fg=white]#(tmux-mem-cpu-load)#[fg=green] | #[fg=cyan]%H:%M #[default]"
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```
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### References
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[Tmux | Home](http://tmux.sourceforge.net)
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[Tmux Manual page](http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi/OpenBSD-current/man1/tmux.1?query=tmux)
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[Gentoo Wiki](http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Tmux)
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[Archlinux Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Tmux)
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[Display CPU/MEM % in statusbar](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11558907/is-there-a-better-way-to-display-cpu-usage-in-tmux)
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[tmuxinator - Manage complex tmux sessions](https://github.com/tmuxinator/tmuxinator)
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